Linux System Administration Recipes A Problem-Solution Approach

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CHAPTER 10 ■ THINGS GO IN, THINGS GO OUTThe utility a2ps creates nice borders and by default prints two A5 pages on A4 landscape (you canchange this with the various options). However, it doesn’t do double spacing, which makes writinguseful notes on the text difficult. The utility pr, however, does do double spacing but doesn’t do the pagestructure stuff that a2ps does.The solution is of course to stick them together:pr -d -t filename.txt | a2ps --stdin filenameThis will send output to your default printer. The -d switch does double spacing, and the -t switchsuppresses the file name and page header (which come out untidily when piping into a2ps). The --stdinswitch to a2ps then sets the page header/title as filename.■ Note If using a2ps directly (rather than piping output from pr), it will automatically set the page header/titlefrom the file name.If you want to create a PostScript file instead so that you can check the layout of the output beforeprinting it, use the -o switch to a2ps:pr -d -t filename.txt | a2ps --stdin filename -o filename.psYou can also double space text using sed:sed G filename.txt | a2ps --stdin filenameFor more information on sed, take a look at recipe 9-2.Another option is enscript, which handles both double spacing and margins, as well as font sizeand other layout options. To double space plain text with a reasonable margin, use this:enscript --word-wrap -s 16 --margins=72:72:30:30 -p out.ps foo.txt--word-wrap wraps long lines at word boundaries (rather than in the middle of a word). -s 16 setsthe baseline skip, which is the space between lines, to 16 points. The margins are set in the order left,right, top, and bottom. -p specifies the file to output to (use -P print1 to output to printer print1).enscript has the advantage as well of handling Unicode, whereas a2ps does not support it at all.10-5. Using ssh -X to Log in RemotelyThe simplest way to get graphical access to a remote <strong>Linux</strong> machine is to log in via ssh using this:ssh -X user@machine.example.com208Download at WoweBook.Com
CHAPTER 10 ■ THINGS GO IN, THINGS GO OUTHowever, the sshd daemon on the machine you’re logging into has to be set up to allow this. Addthis line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the remote machine, and restart sshd (/etc/init.d/sshd restart):X11Forwarding YesThis allows you to start graphical programs from your logged-in terminal window, but it won’t giveyou a desktop per se. You need to start everything from the command line. It’s a good idea to startanother xterm from the logged-in terminal window immediately, with xterm&, and then work from thatso that your original window always has a command line available in case something goes wrong in theworking window.10-6. Using GDM to Log in RemotelyIf you want to be able to fire up a full login screen remotely (and then kick off a full desktop by logging infrom there), you can use gdm, the standard Gnome display manager, to handle this for you. The KDEversion, kdm, will also do the same thing.For gdm, edit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf on the remote machine (on some systems this may be located at/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf). For kdm, edit /etc/kde3/kdm/kdmrc. In both cases, you must add a line in the[Xdmcp] section so it reads as follows:Enable=trueOr edit the Enable line appropriately if there’s already one there. Save the file, and restart the displaymanager so the change will take effect.■ Note You can also use the gdmsetup utility to configure gdm graphically, if you prefer.On the client side, you can use Xnest, a nested X server, to connect. This is available as the xnestxorgpackage for Debian/Ubuntu. Another option is Xephyr (the package xserver-xephyr). To use Xnest,type the following:Xnest -query remotemachine.example.com -geometry 1280x1024 :1You should get a login screen for your remote machine. You can give the IP address instead of thename if you prefer.TroubleshootingIf you get a security error, try this on your local machine (this adds the machine to the allowed list) andthen the Xnest line again:xhost remotemachine.com209Download at WoweBook.Com
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Contents■About the Author .......
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■ CONTENTS3-7. Writing a Nagios P
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■ CONTENTS■Chapter 8: Using the
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■ CONTENTSAbout the Author■Juli
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■ CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsMany tha
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■ CONTENTSIntroductionThis book i
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■ INTRODUCTIONDownloading the Cod
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C H A P T E R 1■ ■ ■Saving Yo
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CHAPTER 1 ■ SAVING YOURSELF EFFOR
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C H A P T E R 2■ ■ ■Centraliz
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CHAPTER 2 ■ CENTRALIZING YOUR NET
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C H A P T E R 3■ ■ ■Monitorin
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CHAPTER 3 ■ MONITORING AND UPDATI
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C H A P T E R 4■ ■ ■Taking Ba
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CHAPTER 4 ■ TAKING BACKUPS AND MA
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C H A P T E R 5■ ■ ■Working w
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CHAPTER 5 ■ WORKING WITH FILESYST
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C H A P T E R 6■ ■ ■Securing
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CHAPTER 6 ■ SECURING YOUR SYSTEMS
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Page 191 and 192: C H A P T E R 8■ ■ ■Making Be
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER 8 ■ USING THE COMMAND LIN
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Page 223 and 224: C H A P T E R 10■ ■ ■Things G
Page 225 and 226: CHAPTER 10 ■ THINGS GO IN, THINGS
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Page 233 and 234: C H A P T E R 11■ ■ ■Tracking
Page 235 and 236: CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGSTh
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Page 251 and 252: C H A P T E R 12■ ■ ■Managing
Page 253 and 254: CHAPTER 12 ■ MANAGING TIME AND PE
Page 267 and 268: APPENDIX■ ■ ■Perl TipsSee rec
Page 269 and 270: APPENDIX ■ PERL TIPS• Date::Par
Page 271 and 272: APPENDIX ■ PERL TIPSPerl Syntax N
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Page 275 and 276: ■ INDEXenscript option (printing)
Page 277 and 278: ■ INDEX■NNagiosadding hosts to,
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■ INDEXsyslogcentralized logging
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