Linux System Administration Recipes A Problem-Solution Approach

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CHAPTER 10 ■ THINGS GO IN, THINGS GO OUT■ Note To temporarily change a keymap (for example, to try Dvorak!), you can use the following:loadkeys /path/to/keymap.kmap.gzOr in Debian/Ubuntu, to install a new keymap, use the following:install-keymap /path/to/keymap.kmap.gzHere let’s assume we’re using us.map.gz. Unzip it (gunzip us.map.gz), and open it in your preferrededitor. Look for the (separate) lines:keycode 3 = two at at nul nulkeycode 40 = apostrophe quotedbland change them to the following:keycode 3 = two quotedbl quotedbl nul nulkeycode 40 = apostrophe atSave the file, and rezip it (gzip us.map). You may need to restart X and/or your virtual console forthis change to take effect.■ Note To find a keycode, you can use the showkey utility. Type showkey, and then hit whichever keys you wantto get the keycodes for. showkey will automatically quit after no key has been hit for ten seconds.10-2. Linking Keys to ProgramsSome keyboards have extra keys (often before the function key line) that you may want to use. Or youmight want to reprogram the function keys. You can set these up to launch particular programs.Using either showkeys or xev (the graphical version of showkeys), first find the keycode of the extrakeys that you want to reprogram. What you’re looking for is the part of the line that gives the keycodevalue. Let’s say it’s 130. You’ll also note that there’s an XLookupString value given (if you’re using xev),which for your currently unused keys should be a null string.The first step is to use xmodmap to give a value to this unused key (this will appear as theXLookupString). We’ll use a higher-number function key. Enter this line on the command line:xmodmap -e 'keycode 130=F15'Now rerun xev, and you should see F15 show up when you hit this key.204Download at WoweBook.Com
CHAPTER 10 ■ THINGS GO IN, THINGS GO OUTNext, you need to link F15 to a program-launch event. You can do this graphically (using the createshortcut option on your desktop, which will usually provide a space where you can specify a hotkey) ifyou want F15 to launch an application, or you can use xbindkeys. (If this isn’t already installed on yoursystem, use sudo apt-get install xbindkeys to install the Debian/Ubuntu package.)Edit ~/.xbindkeysrc to look like this:#Launch Firefox"/usr/bin/firefox"F15Now start xbindkeys. Your new F15 key should now launch Firefox.To make this happen automatically, you need to create a script in the Autostart folder of yourdesktop. In KDE, this is ~/.kde/Autostart; in Gnome, you can save the script somewhere and then usethe <strong>Administration</strong> Sessions menu item, or you can put the script straight into the folder~/.config/autostart/.The script will look like this:#!/bin/sh#file to map special keys.xmodmap -e 'keycode 130=F15' #launch firefox#xbindkeys links keys to applications; config in ~/.xbindkeysrcxbindkeysThe xmodmap line has a comment at the end of the line, which is not really necessary here but isuseful if you’re remapping multiple keys.Make the script executable with chmod u+x ~/.kde/Autostart/keymapping. Now restart X, and youshould find that your new hotkey works as soon as your desktop has finished loading.■ Note See recipe 9-5a for how to set keys to enter Unicode characters and for more information about howxmodmap works.10-3. Automating Printer Setup with lpadminYou can admin your printers via a CUPS graphical interface by pointing a browser athttp://localhost:631. When challenged for a username and password, you can use root and the rootpassword. However, this is impractical (or at least time-consuming) for installing multiple machines.Instead, you can use lpadmin to add your printers.Whichever method of printer setup you use, you’ll need to install the package containing the driverfor your printer. Depending on your model of printer, several packages are available for Debian/Ubuntu.cups-driver-gutenprint is a good place to start; there is also a specific package (hpijs; and hpijs-ppdsfor the model-specific drivers) available for HP printers.You’ll then need to go looking in /usr/share/cups/model/ to locate the path for the driver for yourparticular printer. For example, for an HP LaserJet 4350, that would be as follows:/usr/share/cups/model/HP/HP-LaserJet_4350-hpijs-pc13.ppd205Download at WoweBook.Com
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Contents■About the Author .......
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■ CONTENTS3-7. Writing a Nagios P
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■ CONTENTS■Chapter 8: Using the
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■ CONTENTSAbout the Author■Juli
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■ CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsMany tha
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■ CONTENTSIntroductionThis book i
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■ INTRODUCTIONDownloading the Cod
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C H A P T E R 1■ ■ ■Saving Yo
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CHAPTER 1 ■ SAVING YOURSELF EFFOR
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C H A P T E R 2■ ■ ■Centraliz
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CHAPTER 2 ■ CENTRALIZING YOUR NET
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C H A P T E R 3■ ■ ■Monitorin
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CHAPTER 3 ■ MONITORING AND UPDATI
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C H A P T E R 4■ ■ ■Taking Ba
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CHAPTER 4 ■ TAKING BACKUPS AND MA
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C H A P T E R 5■ ■ ■Working w
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CHAPTER 5 ■ WORKING WITH FILESYST
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C H A P T E R 6■ ■ ■Securing
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CHAPTER 6 ■ SECURING YOUR SYSTEMS
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Page 173 and 174: CHAPTER 6 ■ SECURING YOUR SYSTEMS
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Page 191 and 192: C H A P T E R 8■ ■ ■Making Be
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Page 233 and 234: C H A P T E R 11■ ■ ■Tracking
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Page 251 and 252: C H A P T E R 12■ ■ ■Managing
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Page 267 and 268: APPENDIX■ ■ ■Perl TipsSee rec
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■ INDEXenscript option (printing)
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■ INDEX■NNagiosadding hosts to,
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■ INDEXsyslogcentralized logging
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