Linux System Administration Recipes A Problem-Solution Approach

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CHAPTER 8 ■ USING THE COMMAND LINE BETTERHowever, note that vi mode doesn’t have quite so many useful key bindings defined. You can defineyour own, though; take a look at the section in the readline init file in the bash manual, or type bind -pto get a list of key bindings in a form that you can dump straight into your ~/.initrc). To return to emacsmode again, use this:set -o emacsYou can set vi mode to be on permanently by adding these lines to your ~/.initrc file:set editing-mode viset keymap viThe bash man page has many more of the default key bindings documented. You can also type bind-P to get a list of possible functions and their key bindings (if any).• Ctrl-A and Ctrl-E: These move to the beginning and the end of the command line,respectively. You’re probably already familiar with these.• Ctrl-U: This deletes from the cursor backward to the beginning of the line. This isuseful when you’ve accidentally exited the incremental search with a commandline you don’t want or if you just get your fingers in a tangle and need to startagain. It also works when you’re entering passwords, so it’s handy when you getstuck halfway and aren’t sure how many times to hit Backspace. If you want to putthe line you’ve just cut back again, use Ctrl-Y, which restores whatever is currentlyin the buffer.> cd /usr/share/some/nonsense Ctrl-U>• Ctrl-K: This is the reverse of Ctrl-U; this deletes from the cursor forward to the endof the line.• Ctrl-R and Ctrl-S: This performs an incremental search backward or forward,respectively, in your command-line history. So, if you hit Ctrl-R and start typing aword (for instance, find), it’ll start looking for the last command that used theword find, and it’ll show the results as you type. Keep hitting Ctrl-R to scrollbackward through the list of commands that fit the search pattern. If you hit Ctrl-Rand then type apache, this is the sort of output you’ll get:> [Ctrl-R]apache(reverse-i-search)`apache': /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload• Ctrl-J and Ctrl-G: These abandon an incremental search either with the line foundor with the original line, respectively. So, these commands will put you back toyour regular command line, from where you can edit the command you have (thesearched-for command line, with Ctrl-J, or the command line you started with,with Ctrl-G) as required.(reverse-i-search)`apache': /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reloadCtrl-J> /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload172Download at WoweBook.Com
CHAPTER 8 ■ USING THE COMMAND LINE BETTER• Alt-. (period) or Esc-. (period): Both of these insert the final argument to the mostrecent command at the cursor point. This is very useful when moving files aroundand editing them; you can repeatedly apply different operations to the same file.It’s also useful for other sorts of file processing. Alt-. falls more readily under thefingers, but Esc and then . is a handy alternative to know if you’re using an oddkeyboard (Alt-. won’t work properly on some keyboards) and in particular if you’reusing a Mac.> cp /usr/share/doc/README /usr/share/doc/README.local> vim Alt-.vim /usr/share/doc/README.local■ Note In general, if you have trouble with Alt, try replacing it with Esc. You don’t have to hit the second key atthe same time as Esc but can hit it immediately afterward if you prefer. In other words, pressing Esc and then .(period) works exactly the same as Esc-. (period).• Alt-Ctrl-Y: This inserts the first argument to the previous command at the cursorpoint. If you want the nth argument, hit Alt-n beforehand. So, pressing Alt-2 Alt-Ctrl-Y will give you the second argument to the previous command. (You may findyou need to replace Alt with Esc on some keyboards, so you’d press Esc-2 Esc-Ctrl-Y in this example.) It’s a lot of keys to remember, but it’s useful once in a while,especially if your arguments are particularly long and you’re doing somethingcomplicated. Also bear in mind that Alt-0 or Esc-0 will give you the first word ofthe last command, which will probably be the command name and can be usefulif repeating a command.> cp /etc/defaults/ldap /etc/defaults/ldap.bk> vim Alt-C-Yvim /etc/defaults/ldap• Alt-?: This provides history expansion on the current line. (That is, hit this onceinstead of Tab twice to get a list of possible expansions. This saves a singlekeystroke but uses more fingers!)• Ctrl-T and Alt-T: These transpose characters and words, respectively. This will pullthe character/word behind the cursor over the character/word at the cursor.(Unfortunately, in at least some terminals—for example, gnome-terminal—Alt-Tis overridden, so this may not work for you. However, Esc-T should still work.)> cd /urs Ctrl-T> cd /usr• Ctrl-W and Alt-Backspace: Both of these delete the word behind the cursor, butCtrl-W uses whitespace as a boundary, whereas Alt-BS uses nonalphanumericcharacters. So, if you have file.txt and hit Ctrl-W, you’ll delete the lot; Alt-BS willleave you with file., which has very obvious uses. (It also works withunderscores.)173Download at WoweBook.Com
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Contents■About the Author .......
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■ CONTENTS3-7. Writing a Nagios P
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■ CONTENTS■Chapter 8: Using the
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■ CONTENTSAbout the Author■Juli
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■ CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsMany tha
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■ CONTENTSIntroductionThis book i
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■ INTRODUCTIONDownloading the Cod
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C H A P T E R 1■ ■ ■Saving Yo
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CHAPTER 1 ■ SAVING YOURSELF EFFOR
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C H A P T E R 2■ ■ ■Centraliz
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CHAPTER 2 ■ CENTRALIZING YOUR NET
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C H A P T E R 3■ ■ ■Monitorin
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CHAPTER 3 ■ MONITORING AND UPDATI
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C H A P T E R 4■ ■ ■Taking Ba
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CHAPTER 4 ■ TAKING BACKUPS AND MA
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C H A P T E R 5■ ■ ■Working w
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Page 157 and 158: CHAPTER 6 ■ SECURING YOUR SYSTEMS
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Page 179 and 180: CHAPTER 7 ■ WORKING WITH APACHEOn
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Page 191: C H A P T E R 8■ ■ ■Making Be
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Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER 9 ■ WORKING WITH TEXT IN
Page 223 and 224: C H A P T E R 10■ ■ ■Things G
Page 225 and 226: CHAPTER 10 ■ THINGS GO IN, THINGS
Page 233 and 234: C H A P T E R 11■ ■ ■Tracking
Page 235 and 236: CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGSTh
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CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGS
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CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGSTh
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CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGSAn
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CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGS#
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C H A P T E R 12■ ■ ■Managing
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CHAPTER 12 ■ MANAGING TIME AND PE
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APPENDIX■ ■ ■Perl TipsSee rec
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APPENDIX ■ PERL TIPS• Date::Par
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APPENDIX ■ PERL TIPSPerl Syntax N
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■ ■ ■Index■Symbols$CDPATH,
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■ INDEXenscript option (printing)
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■ INDEX■NNagiosadding hosts to,
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■ INDEXsyslogcentralized logging
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