The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve REDD Project

tributaries. Transitions among peat and non-­‐peat areas arelimited mainly to continuous boundaries with marshes, asmentioned above.Kerangas and non-­‐kerangas. As with transitions fromfreshwater or riparian swamp to other ecosystems, kerangasto non-­‐kerangas transitions cannot be mapped at present,though they are likely to be common in parts of the north(see Section G 1.2).HCV 2.3HCV 2.3 aims to identify landscapes with representativepopulations of most naturally occurring species in the studyregion and with a capacity to maintain such populations inthe long term.As described under Section G1.7 on biodiversity in the ProjectZone and under Sections G1.8.1 and 1.8.2 on endangeredspecies and regional forest cover in the Project Zone andnearby TPNP, the Project Zone is an important part of a largelandscape mosaic of diverse natural and anthropogenicecosystem types. This mosaic covers c. 500,000 ha ofterrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, including: (i) c. 266,000 haof natural forest, representing at least five major terrestrialecosystem types; (ii) numerous ecotonal transitions amongcontrasting terrestrial ecosystem; (iii) a complex network ofrivers and associated riparian environments draining nutrientpoor sandy soils or peat swamps, which produce so-­‐called‘black water rivers’ with distinctive aquatic fauna; and (iv) alarge black water lake system (Lake Sembuluh).Combined, this area is confirmed or likely to support some ofthe largest populations of threatened and protected speciesknown from the area of study – especially the orangutan –including a total of 361 species of birds, 167 species ofmammals (including 45 species of bats), and at least 180species of free-­‐standing large woody plants (note thisexcludes orchids, pitcher plants, lianas, epiphytes andunderstory herbs). Species lists are provided in Annexes 6 –9.On the basis of these data, HCV 2.3 is considered present inthe Project Zone and in nearby TPNP, to which it makes vitalcontributions of intact lowland habitat to support landscape-­levelpopulations of most naturally occurring species.G1.8.3. Threatened or Rare EcosystemsThreatened or rare ecosystems;The precautionary approach for identification of HCV 3ecosystems throughout Indonesia makes use of a national landsystem classification and mapping program carried out by theGovernment of Indonesia during the 1980s and early 90s, calledthe Regional Physical Planning Programme for Transmigration(RePPProT). The RePPProT program described and mapped 414land systems throughout Indonesia at a scale of 1:250000. Theseland systems are classifications of land forms based on specificassociations between lithology, climate, hydrology, topography,soils, geographic location, and organisms – factors that are alsoknown to affect the distribution of natural ecosystems. Withinlimitations of the data, these land systems can be used as proxiesfor broad ecosystem typing.69