Syllabus for written examination for PGT (Biology)

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Nature and scope of Human Geography, Approaches to the Human Geography, Determinism,Environmental Determinism, Possibilism, Neo-determinism, ecological and Behaviouralism.Topic -13 People (World and India)Trends and patterns of population growth: determinants and patterns of populationdistribution; theories, demographic transition; Human migration, Patterns of humandevelopment.Topic-14 Human Activities: (World and India)Primary: -Hunting, gathering, Herding (Nomadic & Commercial) Lumbering fishing, mining andagriculture; Agricultural practices; some major crops.Secondary: - Industries: Classification, Theories of localization, major Industries, recenttrends in industries, world comparisons.Tertiary:-(Services)Quaternary-Quinary activitiesPlanning in India: target area planning, idea of sustainable developmentTopic-15 Transport, Communication and Trade(World and India)Transport and communication Roads, railways, waterways and airways; oil and gas pipelines,national electric grids. Communication networking-radio, television, satellite and Internet.International Trade-Basis and components, trade balance, major trading organizations,changing pattern of India’s foreign trade, sea-routes, inland water-ways, sea ports and theirhinter-land.Topic-16 Human settlements (World and India)Unstable and stable settlements, rural settlements: origin, types and patterns; Urbansettlements: Origin and growth of towns; functional classification of towns. Problems ofurbanization in the world; urbanization in India; Urban slums and squatters. Morphology ofcities; distribution of Mega-cities, problems of human settlements in Developing countries.Topic -17 Geographical perspective on selected issues and problemsEnvironmental pollution-Land, Water, Air, Noise, Global Warning, Poverty, Food Security;Sustainable Development.Topic -18 General Cartography (Practicals)Elements and classification of maps, scales, map-projections, finding directions, latitudes,longitudes and calculation of local & standard time, Identification & Analysis of relief forms:Topographical Maps and interpretation. Weather-instruments and interpretation of weathermaps. Digital mapping, Remote sensing, Visual interpretation. Processing of Data, Thematicmapping, representing statistical data by various diagrams-Bar, Histogram, Pie etc.Spatial Information technology: GIS, GPS, Computers-Software and Hardware components,Data format, Raster and Vector, editing and topology etc.Spatial Analysis; Overlay, Buffer and Proximity analysis.[------------------]
SYLLABUS FOR WRITTEN EXAMINATION FOR PGT HISTORYINDIAN HISTORYHarappan Civilization – a. Town Planningb. Religionc. Economic & Social Lifed. Script Writing1) Rise of Magadh in relation to 16 Mahajanpadas2) Rise of Heterodox sects with special reference to Buddhism, Jainism –a. Riseb. Teachingc. Comparisond. Effect on society, trade &commerce3) The Mauryas –a. Causes for its riseb. Chandragupta Maurya Administrationc. Contribution of Ashoka the Great (allaspects)d. Decline and fall of Mauryan Empire4) The Guptas –a. Golden Periodb. Samudra Guptac. Chandragupta Vikramaditya etcd. Administration, Religion, Trade & Commerce5) Society & Economy – From Vedic till 7 th century6) Sultanate Era – The Defeat of Hindu kingdom and establishment of Delhi Sultanate7) Mughal Period – 1526 to 1707(all aspects)a. Polityb. Administrationc. Societyd. Economy8) Medieval Period – Society and Culture with special Reference to Bhakti Movement andSufism9) Medieval Architecture – Delhi Sultanate ’n Mughal Period10) The Advent of Europeans and the establishment of 5 British rule11) British rule and its impact on Indian economy12) Revolt 1857 – a. Natureb. Causesc. Leadershipd. Eventse. Consequencesf. Causes of defeatg. Impact13) The socio – religious reform movements and the rise of nationalism14) The Indian freedom movement - 1885 to 194715) Constitution – a. Framingb. Featuresc. Working of the Constitutiond. Adoption of the ConstitutionHISTORY OF THE WORLD1) Rise of Ancient Civilizations with special reference toMesopotamia – a. Urbanizationb. Scriptc. Traded. Calendar2) Roman and Greek civilizationa. Rise of the empireb. Administrationc. Society3) Rise of Islam – a. Teachingsb. Culturec. Crusades4) Nomadic people of Central Asia5) The Dark age - Feudalism in Europea. Manor Stateb. Decline6) Renaissance ’n Reformation period in Europe
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Syllabus for written examination for PGT (Biology)

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