ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - SGGW

More documents

Recommendations

Info

22 R. Hryniewski, W. Mądry, D. Gozdowski, B. Roszkowska-Mądraet al. 2010]. Poland is the second largest producer of tobacco leaves in Europe, cultivatingprimarily light cigarette tobacco. At present, about 60 thousand farmers are involved in thenational production of tobacco leaves, which is carried out in about 14 thousand farms, onan area of 17.1 thousand ha. Tobacco is mainly grown in some parts of south-eastern Poland,i.e. the provinces of Lubelskie, Podkarpackie, Mazowieckie and Świętokrzyskie.The production of tobacco leaves and its profitability are becoming consistently moreand more uncertain, both in the world and in Poland. The global and domestic trends withrespect to the level and stability of public subsidies for tobacco production are markedlydecreasing [Altman et al. 1996, 1998, Fisher 2000, Warner 2000, Chavez et al. 2010]. Underthese circumstances, tobacco growers in many countries, including Poland, are at thecrossroads [Geist et al. 2009]. This generates a serious threat to the continuity of tobaccoproduction in the country and to sustainable farming, and even to the survival of a numberof tobacco farms, especially the less prosperous ones. In some developed countries vigorousattempts are made to create concepts of various forms of interventions by the state,local governments, tobacco companies, and also by central and local agricultural organizations,which can effectively support the tobacco farmers facing the negative effects ofexternal threats for multi-functional and sustainable agriculture [Altman et al. 1996, 1998,Fisher 2000, Warner 2000, Geist et al. 2009, Chavez et al. 2010]. Following the example ofother countries, it would be desirable to take similar supporting activities in Poland, too.One of the most important conditions for ensuring high effectiveness of public interventionsin agriculture and rural areas is its flexibility, that is, the creation and implementationof various options of support by the European Union, the state and local governments,suited to diverse (specific) farming systems in the area under consideration [Gibonet al. 1999, Caballero 2001, Dixon et al. 2001, Pardos et al. 2008, Blazy et al. 2009, Roszkowska-Mądra2010]. This strategy of support interventions requires an assessment of thediversity and identifying types of farming systems (typology of the farming systems) inthe respective study areas [Landais 1998, Duvernoy 2000, Köbrich et al. 2003, Blazy etal. 2009, Carmona et al. 2010, Chavez et al. 2010, Zawadka 2010].The aim of this paper is to analyze the diversity in diagnostic variables that are characteristicof the farming systems (holistic description of agricultural production, non-agriculturalactivity and resources in farm households) in tobacco farms within south-easternPoland, and to identify the typology of these systems with multivariate statistical methods,mainly for generating recommendation domains in farming systems research, e.g. to determininginnovative structural and developmental adjustments in the identified types offarming systems and also for planning options of supporting these adaptation processes.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe studied tobacco farms are located in three provinces of south-eastern Poland, i.e.Lubelskie, Podkarpackie and Mazowieckie, although in the last one there are only a fewfarms of this kind in its south-eastern part (Figure 1). In the last few years, about 50% of tobaccogrown in Poland has been produced in the Lubelskie and Podkarpackie provinces.The size of the population of the tobacco farms covered by the research in the provincesof Lubelskie, Podkarpackie and Mazowieckie in 2009 was 1133. From this popu-Acta Sci. Pol.
Typology of tobacco-based farming systems at the farm level in south-eastern Poland 23Fig. 1.Rys. 1.Source:Źródło:The area of studying tobacco-based farming systems (the area studied is darker in colour)Obszar badań systemów produkcji rolniczej ukierunkowanych na specjalizację produkcjitytoniu (badany obszar jest oznaczony czarnym kolorem)Author’s elaboration.Opracowanie własne.lation, a random sample of farms was selected using the method of stratified samplingmethod, in which commune districts formed the strata [Milan et al. 2003, Tittonell et al.2005, Sang and Birnie 2008, Blazy et al. 2009]. For each commune district, the numberof farms to be included in the stratified sample was determined, being proportional to thetotal number of tobacco farms in that particular district. In order to select farms at randomfrom each district, a computer program was used that randomly generated the numbersfor farms located in the district. Among the 151 farms comprising the selected representativesample a survey was carried out by the first author of this paper in the second half of2009 and at the beginning of 2010.The survey required the first author of this paper to visit each farm personally andobtain answers to over 40 questions from the head farmer (the farm’s manager). The questionsrelated to natural, human and technical resources, production structure, productioninput and output, and income structure in the farm household. The answers to the ques-Oeconomia 10 (1) 2011
Page 6 and 7: 6 A. Gawrońska, S. Paszkowskicultu
Page 8 and 9: 8 A. Gawrońska, S. Paszkowskinumbe
Page 10 and 11: 10 A. Gawrońska, S. PaszkowskiTabl
Page 12: 12 A. Gawrońska, S. PaszkowskiTabl
Page 15 and 16: The distribution of social security
Page 17 and 18: %180,0160,0140,0120,0100,080,060,04
Page 19: The distribution of social security
Page 24 and 25: 24 R. Hryniewski, W. Mądry, D. Goz
Page 35 and 36: Oeconomia 10 (1) 2011, 35-43EDUCATI
Page 37 and 38: Education as an element of competit
Page 43: Education as an element of competit
Page 46 and 47: 46 E. Majewski, P. Sulewski, M. Rag
Page 58 and 59: 58 L. Mazal, K.J. RowlesIn the West
Page 60 and 61: 60 L. Mazal, K.J. RowlesThe most im
Page 62 and 63: 62 L. Mazal, K.J. RowlesGDPt= GDP0+
Page 64 and 65: 64 L. Mazal, K.J. RowlesTHE TIME SE
Page 66 and 67: 66 L. Mazal, K.J. RowlesTable 4. Ac
Page 68 and 69: 68 L. Mazal, K.J. RowlesNelson Ch.R
Page 70 and 71: 70 A. Ptak-Chmielewskastatistics, w
Page 72 and 73:
72 A. Ptak-Chmielewska3025birth rat
Page 74 and 75:
74 A. Ptak-ChmielewskaSECTOR OF ACT
Page 76 and 77:
76 A. Ptak-Chmielewskabirth rate fo
Page 78 and 79:
78 A. Ptak-Chmielewskawere trade fi
Page 80 and 81:
80 A. Ptak-ChmielewskaREFERENCESBal
Page 83 and 84:
Oeconomia 10 (1) 2011, 83-95THE EFF
Page 85 and 86:
The effi ciency of selected real es
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Table 1. Efficiency of real estate
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95:
Page 98 and 99:
98 J. Sosnowski, G.A. CiepielaJalin
Page 100 and 101:
100 J. Sosnowski, G.A. Ciepiela2007
Page 102 and 103:
102 J. Sosnowski, G.A. CiepielaTabl
Page 104 and 105:
104 J. Sosnowski, G.A. CiepielaTabl
Page 106 and 107:
106 J. Sosnowski, G.A. Ciepiela1400
Page 108 and 109:
108 J. Sosnowski, G.A. CiepielaOsek
Page 110 and 111:
110 E. SzymańskaProducts by Activi
Page 112 and 113:
112 E. Szymańskatroduced TFI which
Page 114 and 115:
114 E. Szymańskabers of companies
Page 116 and 117:
116 E. SzymańskaTable 3. Tourism v
Page 118 and 119:
118 E. SzymańskaREFERENCESCoccossi
Page 120 and 121:
120 J. WiśniewskaEvery society can
Page 122 and 123:
122 J. WiśniewskaStatistical analy
Page 124 and 125:
124 J. WiśniewskaCommon Agricultur
Page 126 and 127:
126 J. WiśniewskaTable 3. An attem
Page 128 and 129:
128 J. Wiśniewskathe application o
Page 130 and 131:
130 J. Wiśniewskainstitutional cos
Page 132 and 133:
132 J. Wiśniewskaemployed in agric
Page 134 and 135:
134 J. WiśniewskaLong term viabili
Page 136 and 137:
136 J. Wiśniewska--The level of re
Page 139 and 140:
Oeconomia 10 (1) 2011, 139-148INNOV
Page 141 and 142:
Innovativeness of food production e
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Oeconomia 10 (1) 2011, 149-158LOCAL
Page 151 and 152:
Local governance activities in supp
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Oeconomia 10 (1) 2011, 159-169CHANG
Page 161 and 162:
Changes in rural women’s movement
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169:
Page 172:
Ewa SzymańskaTourism function of M
show all

ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - SGGW

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?