Characteristics of Households - Childinfo.org

Solid Fuel Use in Roma SettlementsTable CH.6R: Solid fuel use, Roma Settlements, 2010Percent distribution of household members according to type of cooking fuel used by the household,and percentage of household members living in households using solid fuels for cookingElectricityLiquefiedPetroleumGas (LPG)NaturalGasPercentage of household members in households using:Coal,ligniteCharcoalSolid fuelsWoodStraw,shrubs,grassAgriculturalcropresidueNo foodcookedin thehouseholdTotalSolidfuels forcooking 1Number ofhouseholdmembersAreaUrban 27.5 1.8 .2 .1 .0 69.7 .5 .0 .2 100.0 70.4 5772Rural 9.7 2.4 .3 .0 .1 85.5 .4 1.2 .1 100.0 87.2 2515Education of household headNone 13.3 .3 .1 .4 .0 84.9 .4 .7 .0 100.0 86.3 998Primary 19.7 1.3 .1 .0 .0 77.6 .6 .4 .2 100.0 78.7 5915Secondary 39.0 5.2 .6 .0 .3 54.7 .0 .0 .2 100.0 55.0 1308Wealth index quintilesPoorest 3.6 .1 .0 .2 .1 94.2 .5 .6 .6 100.0 95.7 1657Second 7.1 .6 .0 .1 .2 90.9 .2 .7 .1 100.0 92.2 1657Middle 12.9 .5 .0 .0 .0 84.5 1.6 .5 .0 100.0 86.6 1658Fourth 17.1 2.3 .1 .1 .0 80.2 .0 .0 .0 100.0 80.3 1659Richest 70.1 6.3 1.1 .0 .0 22.6 .0 .0 .0 100.0 22.6 1656Total 22.1 2.0 .2 .1 .1 74.5 .5 .4 .1 100.0 75.5 82881MICS indicator 3.11Overall, three-quarters (76 percent) of all householdsin Roma settlements in Serbia are using solid fuels forcooking. Use of solid fuels is lower in urban areas (70percent) than in rural areas, where 87 percent are usingsolid fuels (Table CH.6R). Differentials with respectto household wealth and the educational level of thehousehold head are also noticeable. Solid fuels are usedfor cooking by 23 percent in the richest quintile incomparison with 96 percent in the poorest quintile.Solid fuel use alone is a poor proxy for indoor airpollution, since the concentration of the pollutants isdifferent when the same fuel is burnt in different stovesor fires. Use of closed stoves with chimneys minimizesindoor pollution, while an open stove or fire with nochimney or hood means that there is no protectionfrom the harmful effects of solid fuels. Solid fuel useby place of cooking is depicted in Table CH.7R. Abouthalf of Roma settlements’ population (52 percent) fromhouseholds using solid fuels for cooking use a separateroom as a kitchen while 45 percent share another roomfor cooking. About 64 percent of Roma from the poorestquintile which use solid fuels for cooking are living indwellings without a separate kitchen.MONITORING THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN 89