Characteristics of Households - Childinfo.org

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Low Birth WeightWeight at birth is a good indicator not only of a mother’shealth and nutritional status but also the newborn’schances for survival, growth, long-term health andpsychosocial development. Low birth weight (less than2500 grams) carries a range of grave health risks forchildren. Babies who were undernourished in the wombface a greatly increased risk of dying during their earlymonths and years. Those who survive have impairedimmune function and increased risk of disease; they arelikely to remain undernourished, with reduced musclestrength, throughout their lives, and suffer a higherincidence of diabetes and heart disease in later life.Children born underweight also tend to have a lowerIQ and cognitive disabilities, affecting their performancein school and their job opportunities as adults.Low birth weight stems primarily from the mother’spoor health and nutrition. At the same time, inthe industrialized world, cigarette smoking duringpregnancy is the leading cause of low birth weight. Indeveloped and developing countries alike, teenagerswho give birth when their own bodies have yet to finishgrowing run the risk of bearing underweight babies.The percentage of births weighing below 2500 gramsis estimated from two items in the questionnaire: themother’s assessment of the child’s size at birth (i.e., verysmall, smaller than average, average, larger than average,very large) and the mother’s recall of the child’s weightor the weight as recorded on a health card if the childwas weighed at birth 11 .Overall, almost all children (99.6 percent of births) inSerbia were weighed at birth and approximately 5 percentof infants are estimated to weigh less than 2500 gramsat birth (Table NU.9). There is no variation by region(Figure NU.4). The percentage of low birth weight variesby wealth quintile. There are 8 percent of infants with lowbirth weight among the children in the poorest quintilecompared with 4 percent among the richest quintile.Table NU.9: Low birth weight infants, Serbia, 2010Percentage of last-born children in the 2 years preceding the surveythat are estimated to have weighed below 2500 grams at birthand percentage of live births weighted at birthPercent of live births:Below 2500grams 1Weighted atbirth 2Number of livebirths in the last2 yearsRegionBelgrade 5.7 99.6 91Vojvodina 4.2 100.0 163Sumadija andWestern Serbia5.0 99.3 144Southern andEastern Serbia4.9 99.5 146AreaUrban 4.5 99.8 281Rural 5.2 99.4 262Mother’s educationPrimary 5.7 99.5 79Secondary 5.1 99.8 307Higher 3.9 99.7 148Wealth index quintilePoorest 8.3 98.6 112Second 4.0 100.0 97Middle 3.6 100.0 87Fourth 4.7 100.0 106Richest 3.5 99.5 141Total 4.8 99.6 5431MICS indicator 2.182MICS indicator 2.19Figure NU.4: Percentage of infants weighing less than2500 grams at birth by wealth index, Serbia, 201011For a detailed description of the methodology, see Boerma, J. T., Weinstein, K. I., Rutstein, S. O., and Sommerfelt, A. E., 1996. Data on Birth Weight inDeveloping Countries: Can Surveys Help? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 74(2), 209–16.70MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY 2010
Low Birth Weight in Roma SettlementsTable NU.9R: Low birth weight infants, Roma Settlements, 2010Percentage of last-born children in the 2 years preceding the survey that are estimated to haveweighed below 2500 grams at birth and percentage of live births weighted at birthPercent of live births:Below 2500 grams 1 Weighted at birth 2Number of live births in thelast 2 yearsAreaUrban 10.4 95.5 294Rural 9.8 97.5 146Mother’s educationNone 11.3 91.3 89Primary 10.2 96.9 291Secondary 8.2 100.0 59Wealth index quintilePoorest 11.8 91.5 106Second 11.0 99.6 99Middle 10.7 92.6 80Fourth 7.5 99.6 81Richest 9.0 98.3 75Total 10.2 96.2 4401MICS indicator 2.182MICS indicator 2.19Overall, a high percentage of children (96 percent ofall live births) in Roma settlements in Serbia wereweighed at birth and approximately 10 percent wereestimated to weigh less than 2500 grams (TableNU.9R). The percentage of low birth weight showsonly a small variation by wealth quintile as there are12 percent of infants with low birth weight amongthe poorest quintile and 9 percent among the richest.Lower educational attainment of the mother iscorrelated with low birth weight of children.Figure NU.4R: Percentage of infants weighingless than 2500 grams at birth by wealth index,Roma settlements, 2010MONITORING THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN 71
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SERBIAMULTIPLE INDICATORCLUSTER SUR
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AcknowledgementsA number of people
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List of Tables30 Table HH.1Results
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157 Table ED.3Primary school entry,
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277 Table SE.2RSampling errors: Tot
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List of AbbreviationsAIDSANCCSProEC
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TopicMICS4IndicatorNumberMDGIndicat
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TopicMICS4IndicatorNumberMDGIndicat
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•Approximately 73 percent of chil
Page 22 and 23: survey. The situation is different
Page 24 and 25: women from Roma settlements had bee
Page 26 and 27: In signing these international agre
Page 28 and 29: QuestionnairesFour sets of question
Page 30 and 31: How to Read the TablesSome of the d
Page 32 and 33: Table HH.1: Results of household, w
Page 34 and 35: The age and sex distribution of the
Page 36 and 37: Table HH.4: Women’s background ch
Page 38 and 39: Table HH.5: Under-5’s background
Page 40 and 41: Of the 4015 children age 0-17 recor
Page 42 and 43: The response rates for households a
Page 44 and 45: Table HH.3R provides basic backgrou
Page 46 and 47: Approximately, 68 percent of interv
Page 48 and 49: Of the 3309 children age 0-17 recor
Page 50 and 51: The module on child mortality was u
Page 52 and 53: Table NU.1 shows the percentages of
Page 54 and 55: For both comparison with MICS3 as w
Page 56 and 57: indicators when their weight and he
Page 58 and 59: Breastfeeding and Infantand Young C
Page 60 and 61: In Table NU.3, breastfeeding status
Page 62 and 63: Table NU.5: Age-appropriate breastf
Page 64 and 65: Table NU.7: Minimum meal frequency,
Page 66 and 67: Breastfeeding and Infant and Young
Page 68 and 69: Approximately 9 percent of children
Page 70 and 71: Table NU.6R: Introduction of solid,
Page 74 and 75: VI CHILD HEALTHOral Rehydration Tre
Page 76 and 77: Figure CH.1: Percentage of children
Page 78 and 79: Table CH.3: Oral rehydration therap
Page 80 and 81: Oral Rehydration Treatmentin Roma S
Page 82 and 83: Table CH.3R provides the proportion
Page 84 and 85: Care Seeking and AntibioticTreatmen
Page 86 and 87: Table CH.5: Knowledge of the two da
Page 88 and 89: Table CH.4R presents the prevalence
Page 90 and 91: Overall, almost one-third (32 perce
Page 92 and 93: Table CH.7R: Solid fuel use by plac
Page 94 and 95: Table WS.1: Use of improved water s
Page 96 and 97: The amount of time it takes to obta
Page 98 and 99: Use of Improved Water Sourcesin Rom
Page 100 and 101: The amount of time it takes to obta
Page 102 and 103: Use of Improved SanitationInadequat
Page 104 and 105: Safe disposal of a child’s faeces
Page 106 and 107: Use of Improved Sanitationin Roma S
Page 108 and 109: Table WS.7R: Disposal of child’s
Page 110 and 111: HandwashingHandwashing with water a
Page 112 and 113: Handwashing in Roma SettlementsA sp
Page 114 and 115: VIII REPRODUCTIVEHEALTHFertilityIn
Page 116 and 117: Table RH.3 presents the trends for
Page 118 and 119: Table RH.3R presents the trends for
Page 120 and 121: Table RH.4: Use of contraception, S
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Contraception in Roma SettlementsCu
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Unmet NeedUnmet need for contracept
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Unmet Need in Roma SettlementsTotal
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Antenatal CareThe antenatal period
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UNICEF and WHO recommend a minimum
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Table RH.7R: Number of antenatal ca
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Assistance at DeliveryThree-quarter
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Assistance at Delivery in Roma Sett
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Place of Delivery in Roma Settlemen
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A specific question was added in MI
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For almost all children under-five
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In Serbia, 76 percent of children a
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Table CD.1R.A: Early child developm
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Table CD.2R: Support for learning,
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Table CD.4R shows that 4 percent of
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Table CD.5: Early child development
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X LITERACYAND EDUCATIONLiteracy amo
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Literacy among Young Women and Meni
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School Readiness in Roma Settlement
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Table ED.4 provides the percentage
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The percentage of children entering
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the number of children of primary s
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Primary and Secondary School Partic
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Table ED.5R: Secondary school atten
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Table ED.7R: Primary school complet
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Table ED.8R: Education gender parit
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Birth Registration in Roma Settleme
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to describe aspects of child discip
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Early MarriageMarriage before the a
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Table CP.3M: Early marriage, Serbia
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Table CP.5: Spousal age difference,
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Table CP.3R.M: Early marriage, Roma
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Table CP.5R: Spousal age difference
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Table CP.6: Attitudes toward domest
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Attitudes toward Domestic Violencei
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XII HIV/AIDS ANDSEXUAL BEHAVIOURKno
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Similar patterns are observed for m
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Table HA.2M: Knowledge about HIV tr
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Table HA.3: Knowledge of mother-to-
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Men between 15-29 years of age seem
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Among the women interviewed aged be
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Table HA.3R: Knowledge of mother-to
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The indicators on attitudes toward
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Accepting Attitudes toward People L
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Knowledge of a Place for HIV Testin
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Tables HA.6 and HA.6M present the s
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Table HA.7: HIV counselling and tes
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Similar patterns are observed for m
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Table HA.6R.M: Knowledge of a place
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Sexual Behaviour Related to HIVTran
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Table HA.9: Sex with multiple partn
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Overall, 22 percent of men between
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Table HA.11: Sex with non-regular p
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Sexual Behaviour Related to HIVTran
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Overall, 2 percent of women aged be
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Table HA.9R.M: Sex with multiple pa
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Table HA.11R: Sex with non-regular
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XIII ACCESS TO MASSMEDIA AND USEOF
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a weekly basis, men aged 15-19 are
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Women with secondary education are
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As expected, both computer and inte
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Usage of computer and internet duri
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Table SW.1: Domains of life satisfa
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The average life satisfaction score
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In table SW.3, women’s perception
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Subjective well-being in Roma Settl
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Table SW.2R: Life satisfaction and
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Table SW.3R: Perception of a better
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Appendix A Sample Design for the Se
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Sampling Frame and Selection of Clu
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Appendix A Sample Design for the Ro
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Calculation of Sample WeightsThe sa
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Darko DjuricDragan CvetkovicIgor St
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Table SE.1: Indicators selected for
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Table SE.3: Sampling errors: Urban
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Table SE.5: Sampling errors: Region
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Table SE.7: Sampling errors: Region
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Appendix C Estimates of Sampling Er
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Table SE.2R: Sampling errors: Total
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Table SE.4R: Sampling errors: Rural
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Table DQ.2: Age distribution of eli
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Table DQ.6: Men’s completion rate
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Table DQ.8: Completeness of reporti
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Table DQ.10: Heaping in anthropomet
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Table DQ.14: Selection of children
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Appendix D Data Quality Tables —
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Table DQ.5R: Women’s completion r
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Table DQ.8R: Completeness of report
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Table DQ.10R: Heaping in anthropome
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Table DQ.15R: School attendance by
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MICS4 INDICATOR Module Numerator De
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MICS4 INDICATOR Module Numerator De
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Appendix F Questionnaires
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MODULE HL — HOUSEHOLD LISTING FOR
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MODULE ED — EDUCATIONED1.LineNo.E
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MODULE WS — WATER AND SANITATIONW
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HC4. Main material of the roof.Reco
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MODULE CD — CHILD DISCIPLINETable
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HH21. Does any child under the age
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WB7. Now I would like you to read t
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MN2. Whom did you see?Probe:Anyone
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CP3. Couples use various ways or me
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MA5. Have you ever been married or
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HA11. If a member of your family go
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LS10. How satisfied are you with ho
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MODULE BR — BIRTH REGISTRATIONBR1
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EC13. Does (name) follow simple dir
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CA7. At any time in the last two we
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QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MEN AGE 15-29 YEA
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MA2. How old is your wife/partner?P
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SB13. Other than these two persons,
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LS11. How satisfied are you with th
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Table ED.5 (a): Lower secondary sch
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Table ED.4R (a): Primary school att
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Table ED.5R (b): Upper secondary sc
show all

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