Characteristics of Households - Childinfo.org

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Use of Improved SanitationInadequate disposal of human excreta and poor personalhygiene facilities are associated with a range of diseasesincluding diarrhoeal diseases and polio. Improvedsanitation can reduce diarrheal disease by more thana third, and can significantly lessen the adverse healthimpacts of other disorders responsible for death anddisease among millions of children in developing countries.An improved sanitation facility is defined as one thathygienically separates human excreta from humancontact. Improved sanitation facilities for excretadisposal include flush or pour flush to a piped sewersystem, septic tank, or latrine; ventilated improved pitlatrine, pit latrine with slab, and composting toilet. Thedata on the use of improved sanitation facilities in Serbiaare provided in this report in Tables WS.5 and WS.5R.However, sharing of improved sanitation facilities isassumed to compromise the safety of improved sanitationfacilities, and are therefore also categorized as “unimprovedsanitation”, both in the context of this report (Tables WS.6,WS.6R, WS.8 and WS.8R), and as an MDG indicator.In Serbia, 98 percent of the population lives in householdsusing improved sanitation facilities (Table WS.5); nearly 100percent (99.8 percent) in urban areas and 97 percent in ruralareas. Residents of Sumadija and Western Serbia are lesslikely than others to use improved facilities (96 percent).Table WS.5: Types of sanitation facilities, Serbia, 2010Percent distribution of household population according to type of toilet facility used by the householdPipedsewersystemType of toilet facility used by householdImproved sanitation facilityUnimproved sanitation facilityFlush/pour flush to:SeptictankPitlatrineUnknownplace/not sure/DK whereVentilatedimprovedpit latrinePitlatrinewithslabFlush/pourflush tosomewhereelsePit latrinewithoutslab/openpitOtherMissingOpendefecation(no facility,bush, field)TotalNumber ofhouseholdmembersRegionBelgrade 73.4 23.8 .2 .1 .0 1.8 .4 .0 .0 .2 .0 100.0 4193Vojvodina 46.4 49.2 .1 .0 .0 4.0 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 100.0 5407Sumadija andWestern Serbia49.3 42.3 1.2 .5 .4 2.7 3.6 .1 .0 .0 .0 100.0 5969Southern andEastern Serbia55.4 36.4 .8 .0 .6 5.4 1.2 .1 .0 .0 .1 100.0 5305AreaUrban 85.5 13.0 .1 .3 .0 1.0 .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 100.0 11501Rural 17.5 70.6 1.2 .0 .6 6.7 3.1 .2 .0 .0 .0 100.0 9373Education of household headPrimary 30.3 56.6 1.6 .1 .6 7.2 3.2 .1 .0 .1 .1 100.0 6669Secondary 61.0 35.8 .1 .2 .2 2.0 .7 .1 .0 .0 .0 100.0 9870Higher 84.2 15.5 .0 .2 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 100.0 3913Wealth index quintilePoorest 14.1 59.3 2.5 .2 1.4 17.1 4.8 .3 .0 .0 .2 100.0 4175Second 25.4 70.7 .4 .4 .0 .7 2.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 4178Middle 51.2 48.7 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 4173Fourth 85.1 14.6 .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 100.0 4173Richest 98.9 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 100.0 4175Total 54.9 38.9 .6 .2 .3 3.5 1.5 .1 .0 .0 .0 100.0 20874100MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY 2010
The table indicates that use of improved sanitationfacilities is correlated with the wealth index becauseabout 5 percent of household members from the poorestand 2 percent from the second quintile use unimprovedsanitation facilities. In rural areas, the populationis mostly using flush to septic tank (71 percent). Incontrast, the most common facilities in urban areas areflush toilets with connection to a sewage system (86percent). It is observed that using flush to septic tankis negatively correlated with the level of education ofthe head of the household and wealth index. This is notsurprising because usually the more educated and betteroff households live in urban areas where piped sewersystems are more common.Access to safe drinking-water and to basic sanitation ismeasured by the proportion of the population using animproved sanitation facility. MDGs and WHO/UNICEFJoint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply andSanitation classify households as using an unimprovedsanitation facility if they are using otherwise acceptablesanitation facilities but sharing a facility between two ormore households or using a public toilet facility.As shown in Table WS.6, 98 percent of the population areusing an unshared improved sanitation facility. In total,99 percent of the population in urban areas use unsharedimproved toilets, while the figure is 96 percent withinrural areas. Overall, 2 percent of household members inthe poorest households share sanitation facilities..Table WS.6: Use and sharing of sanitation facilities, Serbia, 2010Percent distribution of household population by use of private and public sanitation facilitiesand use of shared facilities, by users of improved and unimproved sanitation facilitiesNot shared 1Users of improved sanitation facilitiesPublicfacility5 householdsor lessShared byMore than 5householdsUsers of unimprovedsanitation facilitiesNot sharedPublicfacilityOpendefecation(no facility,bush, field)TotalNumber ofhouseholdmembersRegionBelgrade 98.3 .5 .7 .0 .6 .0 .0 100.0 4193Vojvodina 99.3 .0 .4 .0 .2 .0 .0 100.0 5407Sumadija and Western Serbia 95.9 .1 .3 .0 3.6 .1 .0 100.0 5969Southern and Eastern Serbia 98.1 .0 .2 .3 1.3 .0 .1 100.0 5305AreaUrban 99.0 .2 .4 .2 .2 .0 .0 100.0 11501Rural 96.4 .0 .4 .0 3.2 .0 .0 100.0 9373Education of household headPrimary 95.5 .0 .7 .2 3.4 .1 .1 100.0 6669Secondary 98.8 .2 .2 .0 .8 .0 .0 100.0 9870Higher 99.8 .1 .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 100.0 3913Wealth index quintilePoorest 92.6 .0 1.6 .4 5.1 .0 .2 100.0 4175Second 97.5 .1 .1 .0 2.3 .1 .0 100.0 4178Middle 99.7 .0 .2 .0 .1 .0 .0 100.0 4173Fourth 99.5 .4 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 100.0 4173Richest 99.8 .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 100.0 4175Total 97.8 .1 .4 .1 1.5 .0 .0 100.0 208741MICS indicator 4.3; MDG indicator 7.9MONITORING THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN 101
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SERBIAMULTIPLE INDICATORCLUSTER SUR
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AcknowledgementsA number of people
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List of Tables30 Table HH.1Results
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157 Table ED.3Primary school entry,
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277 Table SE.2RSampling errors: Tot
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List of AbbreviationsAIDSANCCSProEC
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TopicMICS4IndicatorNumberMDGIndicat
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TopicMICS4IndicatorNumberMDGIndicat
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•Approximately 73 percent of chil
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survey. The situation is different
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women from Roma settlements had bee
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In signing these international agre
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QuestionnairesFour sets of question
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How to Read the TablesSome of the d
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Table HH.1: Results of household, w
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The age and sex distribution of the
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Table HH.4: Women’s background ch
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Table HH.5: Under-5’s background
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Of the 4015 children age 0-17 recor
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The response rates for households a
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Table HH.3R provides basic backgrou
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Approximately, 68 percent of interv
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Of the 3309 children age 0-17 recor
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The module on child mortality was u
Page 52 and 53: Table NU.1 shows the percentages of
Page 54 and 55: For both comparison with MICS3 as w
Page 56 and 57: indicators when their weight and he
Page 58 and 59: Breastfeeding and Infantand Young C
Page 60 and 61: In Table NU.3, breastfeeding status
Page 62 and 63: Table NU.5: Age-appropriate breastf
Page 64 and 65: Table NU.7: Minimum meal frequency,
Page 66 and 67: Breastfeeding and Infant and Young
Page 68 and 69: Approximately 9 percent of children
Page 70 and 71: Table NU.6R: Introduction of solid,
Page 72 and 73: Low Birth WeightWeight at birth is
Page 74 and 75: VI CHILD HEALTHOral Rehydration Tre
Page 76 and 77: Figure CH.1: Percentage of children
Page 78 and 79: Table CH.3: Oral rehydration therap
Page 80 and 81: Oral Rehydration Treatmentin Roma S
Page 82 and 83: Table CH.3R provides the proportion
Page 84 and 85: Care Seeking and AntibioticTreatmen
Page 86 and 87: Table CH.5: Knowledge of the two da
Page 88 and 89: Table CH.4R presents the prevalence
Page 90 and 91: Overall, almost one-third (32 perce
Page 92 and 93: Table CH.7R: Solid fuel use by plac
Page 94 and 95: Table WS.1: Use of improved water s
Page 96 and 97: The amount of time it takes to obta
Page 98 and 99: Use of Improved Water Sourcesin Rom
Page 100 and 101: The amount of time it takes to obta
Page 104 and 105: Safe disposal of a child’s faeces
Page 106 and 107: Use of Improved Sanitationin Roma S
Page 108 and 109: Table WS.7R: Disposal of child’s
Page 110 and 111: HandwashingHandwashing with water a
Page 112 and 113: Handwashing in Roma SettlementsA sp
Page 114 and 115: VIII REPRODUCTIVEHEALTHFertilityIn
Page 116 and 117: Table RH.3 presents the trends for
Page 118 and 119: Table RH.3R presents the trends for
Page 120 and 121: Table RH.4: Use of contraception, S
Page 122 and 123: Contraception in Roma SettlementsCu
Page 124 and 125: Unmet NeedUnmet need for contracept
Page 126 and 127: Unmet Need in Roma SettlementsTotal
Page 128 and 129: Antenatal CareThe antenatal period
Page 130 and 131: UNICEF and WHO recommend a minimum
Page 132 and 133: Table RH.7R: Number of antenatal ca
Page 134 and 135: Assistance at DeliveryThree-quarter
Page 136 and 137: Assistance at Delivery in Roma Sett
Page 138 and 139: Place of Delivery in Roma Settlemen
Page 140 and 141: A specific question was added in MI
Page 142 and 143: For almost all children under-five
Page 144 and 145: In Serbia, 76 percent of children a
Page 146 and 147: Table CD.1R.A: Early child developm
Page 148 and 149: Table CD.2R: Support for learning,
Page 150 and 151: Table CD.4R shows that 4 percent of
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Table CD.5: Early child development
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X LITERACYAND EDUCATIONLiteracy amo
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Literacy among Young Women and Meni
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School Readiness in Roma Settlement
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Table ED.4 provides the percentage
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The percentage of children entering
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the number of children of primary s
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Primary and Secondary School Partic
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Table ED.5R: Secondary school atten
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Table ED.7R: Primary school complet
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Table ED.8R: Education gender parit
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Birth Registration in Roma Settleme
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to describe aspects of child discip
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Early MarriageMarriage before the a
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Table CP.3M: Early marriage, Serbia
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Table CP.5: Spousal age difference,
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Table CP.3R.M: Early marriage, Roma
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Table CP.5R: Spousal age difference
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Table CP.6: Attitudes toward domest
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Attitudes toward Domestic Violencei
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XII HIV/AIDS ANDSEXUAL BEHAVIOURKno
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Similar patterns are observed for m
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Table HA.2M: Knowledge about HIV tr
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Table HA.3: Knowledge of mother-to-
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Men between 15-29 years of age seem
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Among the women interviewed aged be
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Table HA.3R: Knowledge of mother-to
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The indicators on attitudes toward
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Accepting Attitudes toward People L
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Knowledge of a Place for HIV Testin
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Tables HA.6 and HA.6M present the s
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Table HA.7: HIV counselling and tes
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Similar patterns are observed for m
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Table HA.6R.M: Knowledge of a place
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Sexual Behaviour Related to HIVTran
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Table HA.9: Sex with multiple partn
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Overall, 22 percent of men between
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Table HA.11: Sex with non-regular p
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Sexual Behaviour Related to HIVTran
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Overall, 2 percent of women aged be
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Table HA.9R.M: Sex with multiple pa
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Table HA.11R: Sex with non-regular
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XIII ACCESS TO MASSMEDIA AND USEOF
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a weekly basis, men aged 15-19 are
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Women with secondary education are
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As expected, both computer and inte
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Usage of computer and internet duri
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Table SW.1: Domains of life satisfa
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The average life satisfaction score
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In table SW.3, women’s perception
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Subjective well-being in Roma Settl
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Table SW.2R: Life satisfaction and
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Table SW.3R: Perception of a better
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Appendix A Sample Design for the Se
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Sampling Frame and Selection of Clu
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Appendix A Sample Design for the Ro
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Calculation of Sample WeightsThe sa
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Darko DjuricDragan CvetkovicIgor St
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Table SE.1: Indicators selected for
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Table SE.3: Sampling errors: Urban
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Table SE.5: Sampling errors: Region
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Table SE.7: Sampling errors: Region
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Appendix C Estimates of Sampling Er
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Table SE.2R: Sampling errors: Total
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Table SE.4R: Sampling errors: Rural
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Table DQ.2: Age distribution of eli
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Table DQ.6: Men’s completion rate
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Table DQ.8: Completeness of reporti
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Table DQ.10: Heaping in anthropomet
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Table DQ.14: Selection of children
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Appendix D Data Quality Tables —
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Table DQ.5R: Women’s completion r
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Table DQ.8R: Completeness of report
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Table DQ.10R: Heaping in anthropome
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Table DQ.15R: School attendance by
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MICS4 INDICATOR Module Numerator De
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MICS4 INDICATOR Module Numerator De
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Appendix F Questionnaires
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MODULE HL — HOUSEHOLD LISTING FOR
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MODULE ED — EDUCATIONED1.LineNo.E
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MODULE WS — WATER AND SANITATIONW
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HC4. Main material of the roof.Reco
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MODULE CD — CHILD DISCIPLINETable
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HH21. Does any child under the age
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WB7. Now I would like you to read t
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MN2. Whom did you see?Probe:Anyone
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CP3. Couples use various ways or me
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MA5. Have you ever been married or
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HA11. If a member of your family go
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LS10. How satisfied are you with ho
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MODULE BR — BIRTH REGISTRATIONBR1
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EC13. Does (name) follow simple dir
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CA7. At any time in the last two we
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QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MEN AGE 15-29 YEA
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MA2. How old is your wife/partner?P
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SB13. Other than these two persons,
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LS11. How satisfied are you with th
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Table ED.5 (a): Lower secondary sch
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Table ED.4R (a): Primary school att
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Table ED.5R (b): Upper secondary sc
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