Sequence Stratigraphy and Its Application to Petroleum Exploration ...

Sequence Stratigraphy and ItsApplication to PetroleumExploration in Onshore MesozoicSalt Basins, Gulf Coastal PlainErnest A. Mancini

Workshop Sponsors‣ Central and Eastern Gulf Coast Region of thePetroleum Technology Transfer Council‣ GCAGS

Acknowledgements for FundingSupport‣ National Energy Technology Laboratory, Officeof Fossil Energy, U. S. Department of Energy‣ Minerals Management Service, U. S.Department of Interior‣ Reports at http://egrpttc.geo.ua.edu

Purpose‣ To provide an alternative sequence stratigraphicapproach for the establishment of a chronostratigrahicframework for the study of the interior salt basins of thenorthern Gulf of Mexico that are filled with Mesozoicpost-rift non-marine to marine shelf siliciclastic andcarbonate deposits.‣ To demonstrate the utility of this integratedbiostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic (based onT-R sequences) approach for stratal correlation, basinanalysis, petroleum systems study, and the design ofpetroleum exploration strategies.

Gulf Coast Interior Salt BasinsGulf Coast Interior SaltBasinsSTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

Outline‣ Sequence Stratigraphic Approaches‣ UJ Sequence Stratigraphy‣ LK Sequence Stratigraphy‣ UK Sequence Stratigraphy‣ Paleogene Sequence Stratigraphy‣ Applications & Exploration Strategies‣ Conclusions

Sequence StratigraphicApproaches

Physical Surfaces‣Subaerial Unconformity (SU)‣Shoreface Ravinement Surface (SRS)‣Transgressive Surface (TS)‣Surface of Maximum Sediment Starvation (SMSS)‣Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS)‣Maximum Water Depth Horizon (MWDH)‣Maximum Regressive Surface (MRS)‣Downlap Surface (DLS)

Vail Depositional SequenceApproach

Comparison ChartAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

DS Sequence Geologic Section‣ Upper Sequence Boundary‣ Highstand Systems Tract‣ Surface of Maximum Sediment Starvation‣ Transgressive Systems Tract‣ Transgressive Surface‣ Lowstand Systems Tract‣ Lower Sequence Boundary

Galloway Genetic StratigraphicSequence Approach

Galloway Model

TransgressionRegressionSubaerial unconformity orSurface of maximumregressionSurface ofmaximumtransgressionSubaerial unconformityor Transgressive surface

T-R Sequence Geologic Section‣ Upper Sequence Boundary‣ Regressive Systems Tract‣ Maximum Flooding Surface‣ Transgressive Systems Tract‣ Lower Sequence Boundary

Comparison ChartAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

GeneralizedDiagram forT-R SequenceDevelopmentSTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

‣ Toplap‣ Downlap‣ OnlapSeismic Terminations

Onlap Reflection TerminationSBAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Downlap ReflectionTerminationSBDLSAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Toplap Reflection TerminationSBAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Seismic ConfigurationsT-R K14RSBTT-R K12/13DLSRSBTT-R K11T-R K10DLSSBWith permission fromWesternGecoLiu, 2005STRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

Well LogPatternsHarrison No 1 wellWayne County, MSSTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

Upper Jurassic SequenceStratigraphy

Location MapObid, 2006DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

SeismicGridMapObid, 2006DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

JurassicBiostratigraphySTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

UJ T-R SequencesWGCP CGCP EGCPAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

JurassicWell LogPatternsOnshoreNorth of Wiggins ArchHopkins No 1A wellWashington County, ALAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

UJ Well LogPatternsOffshoreSouth of Wiggins ArchOCS-G-5066 wellMobile Area, ALAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

UJ Cross Section

SyntheticSeismogramObid, 2006DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Jurassic Seismic ProfilePermission from WesternGeco AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Seismic FaciesPermission from WesternGeco Obid, 2006DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Pine HillAnhydrite ofLouann SaltParsons 4-16 No 2 WellEscambia County, ALDepth: 14,882 ft

T-R GC 1SequenceNorphletJack Stack No 1 wellConecuh County, ALDepth: 12,765 ft

T-R GC 1SequenceNorphletParsons 4-16 No 2 wellEscambia County, ALDepth:14,881 ft

T-R GC 1SequenceNorphletA.T.I.C-Northrup 31-1 wellEscambia County, ALDepth: 15,029 ft

T-R GC 1 SequenceNorphletDarlys Dees 3-3 wellWashington County, ALDepth: 16,927 ft

T-R GC 1 SequenceNorphletPowell Gas Unit 19-4 wellEscambia County, ALDepth: 15,432 ft

T-R GC 1SequenceSmackoverL&N Railroad No1 wellEscambia County, ALDepth: 15,539 ft

T-R GC 1SequenceSmackoverJackson No 1 wellChoctaw County, ALDepth: 10,337 ft

T-R GC 1SequenceSmackoverThrombolitePermit: 3986 wellEscambia County, ALDepth: 12,971 ft

T-R GC 1SequenceBucknerJack Hopkins No 1A wellWashington County, ALDepth: 16,175 ft

T-R GC 2SequenceBucknerPermit 5138Escambia County, ALDepth:12,907 ft

T-R GC 2SequenceHaynesvilleMcCullough 1-13 No 1 wellMonroe County, ALDepth: 12,365 ft

T-R GC 2SequenceHaynesvilleWefel 29-2 No 1 wellBaldwin County, ALDepth:15,560 ft

PotentialJurassicGlobalCorrelationSTRAT, Mancini and Puckett,2005

Lower CretaceousSequence Stratigraphy

Lithostratigraphic ComparisonPuckett

LKBiostratigraphySTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

Western Study AreaGCAGS, Mancini and Scott, 2006

ComancheanCretaceousSequencesGCAGS, Mancini and Scott,2006

Correlation of Comanchean Strata1 2 34GCAGS, Mancini and Scott, 2006

T-R GC 5 SequenceAggrading FaciesSycamore Ss

T-R GC 5 SequenceBackstepping FaciesHammett ShaleBackstepping faciesAggrading facies

T-R GC 5 SequenceInfilling facies

T-R GC 5 SequenceHammett-Cow CreekContactInfilling faciesBackstepping facies

T-R GC 6 SequenceHensell-Glen RoseInfilling faciesBackstepping facies

T-R GC 6 SequenceHensell-Glen Rose Contact

T-R GC 6SequenceGlen Rose

CompositeSectionMMS, Mancini et al., 2005

T-R GC 6 & 7SequencesGlen RoseBacksteppingfaciesSBInfilling facies

T-R GC 6 & 7SequencesT-R GC 7SBT-R GC 6

Hardground Surface at SequenceBoundary

T-R GC 7 SequenceCorbula Bed

T-R GC 8SequenceWalnutGlen RoseSB

T-R GC 7 & 8 SequencesBull Creek- Glen Rose ContactT-R GC 8T-R GC 7

T-R GC 7 & 8 SequencesSBT-R GC 8T-R GC 7

T-R GC 8 & 9 SequencesT-R GC 9SUSBT-R GC 8

T-R GC 9 & 10 SequencesT-R GC 10Grayson Fm.Main Street Ls. Mbr.TSSBT-R GC 9

T-R GC 9 & 10 SequencesMbrT-R GC 10TSSBT-R GC 9

Pebble Bed at SequenceBoundary

T-R GC 10 & 11 SequencesT-R GC 11SBT-R GC 10

Gulf Coast Interior Salt BasinsGulf Coast Interior SaltBasinsSTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

LK T-R SequencesWGCP CGCP EGCPAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

MMS, Mancini et al., 2005Correlation of LK Strata (TX-MS)1 2 34

EasternStudy AreaAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Seismic Reflection DataPermission from WesternGecoAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Well LogPatternsSouthern Minerals No 1 wellPearl River County, MSAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

LK Cross SectionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

T-R GC 5 Sequence

T-R GC 5 SequenceAggrading faciesHosstonResse No 1-A wellJefferson Davis County, MSDepth: 15,862 ft

T-R GC 5 SequenceBackstepping FaciesSligoMain Pass 2531654-6 wellOffshore GOMDepth: 15,610 ft

T-R GC 5SequenceThromboliteMcAlpin No 1Vernon Parish, LADepth: 17,709 ft

T-R GC5 SequenceBackstepping faciesPine IslandWaveland Gas Unit No1 wellHancock County, MSDepth: 15,679 ft

T-R GC 5 SequenceInfilling faciesJamesDenmiss 24-8 wellLawrence County, MSDepth: 15,915 ft

T-R GC 5 SequenceInfilling faciesJamesDenmiss 24-8 wellLawrence County, MSDepth: 15,925 ft

T-R GC 5SequenceInfilling faciesDonovanCitronelle Unit 28 No 1 wellMobile County, ALDepth: 11,097 ft

T-R GC 6 Sequence

T-R GC 6SequenceBacksteppingfaciesBexarChandeleur Sound Block 61St. Bernard Parish, LADepth: 18,334 ft

T-R GC 6 SequenceInfilling faciesRodessaWaveland Gas Unit No 1 wellHancock County, MSDepth: 14,039 ft

T-R GC 7 Sequence

T-R GC 7 SequenceBacksteppingSectionMooringsportGex No 1 wellHancock County, MSDepth: 13,466 ft

T-R GC 7SequenceInfilling faciesMooringsportChandeleur Sound Block 61St. Bernard Parish, LADepth: 16,642 ft

T-R GC 7SequenceInfilling FaciesPaluxyPilgrim No 1 wellWalthall County, MSDepth: 13,193 ft

T-R GC 8 Sequence

T-R GC 8SequenceBacksteppingFaciesAndrewChandeleur Sound Block 61St. Bernard Parish, LADepth: 14,739 ft

T-R GC 8 SequenceInfilling FaciesAndrewChandeleur Sound Block 61St. Bernard Parish, LADepth: 14,716 ft

T-R GC 8SequenceInfillingFaciesDantzlerBoteler 10-7 No 1 wellForrest County, MSDepth: 9,740 ft

T-R GC 10 Sequence

T-R GC 10SequenceBacksteppingFaciesWashitaMain Pass 2531654-6 wellOffshore GOMDepth: 8,974.5 ft

T-R GC 10SequenceInfilling FaciesWashitaMain Pass 2531654-6 wellOffshore GOMDepth: 18,763 ft

Mid-CretaceousUnconformitySelmaMCUMain Pass 2531654-6 wellOffshore GOMDepth: 8,708 ftWashita21 mm

Potential LKGlobalCorrelationSTRAT, Manciniand Puckett,2005

Upper Cretaceous SequenceStratigraphy

LocationMapLiu, 2005DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

UKBiost.STRAT,ManciniandPuckett,2005

UK T-R SequencesWGCP CGCP EGCPAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

UK Well LogPatternsPlymouth No 1 wellMobile County, ALAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

UK Cross SectionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

UK Seismic SectionIT-R K14RSBTT-R K12/13DLSRT-R K11SBDLSTMCSBT-R K10SBWith permission fromWesternGecoLiu, 2005STRAT, Mancini et al., 2005

T-R GC 11 Sequence

Well LogPatternsSUT-R GC 11 SequenceHarrison 12-12Wayne Co.,MSMFSSRSSTRAT, Mancini andPuckett, 2005SU

Regressive InfillingDantzlerSandstoneBoteler 10-7 wellForrest County, MSDepth: 9742 feet18 mm

Transgressive AggradingTuscaloosaMassive SandBoone Clarke No 1 wellForrest County, MSDepth: 8200 feet18 mm

Transgressive BacksteppingTuscaloosaMarine SandBelden & Blake 3-9 wellClarke County, ALDepth: 5300 feet18 mm

Transgressive BacksteppingTuscaloosaMarine ShaleBelden & Blake 3-9 wellClarke County, ALDepth: 5271 feet18 mm

T-R GC 12 Sequence

Subaerial UnconformityT-R GC 11 & 12 SequencesTSTSUHST

Eutaw FmT-R GC 12 SequenceTST

Shoreface Ravinement SurfaceT-R GC 12 SequenceSRSTST

Shoreface Ravinement SurfaceT-R GC 12 SequenceTSTSRSTST

Shoreface Ravinement SurfaceT-R GC 12 SequenceSRS

MaximumFloodingSurfaceMFST-R GC 12 Sequence

Maximum Flooding SurfaceT-R GC 12 SequenceMFSMoorevilleTombigbee

MaximumWaterDepthHorizonMWDRSTT-R GC 12 Sequence

PlanktonicForaminiferaTrend

LoxostomoidesTrend

Coffee SandRSTT-R GC 12 Sequence (Infilling facies)

T-R GC 13 Sequence

Maximum Regressive SurfaceT-RGC 13MRST-RGC 12

Shoreface Ravinement SurfaceT-RGC 13SRST-RGC 12

Sequence BoundarySardis (backstepping)T-RGC 13SBT-RGC 12Coffee (infilling)

Demopolis ChalkT-R GC 13 Sequence (Infilling facies)RST

Vertical Facies ChangeT-R GC 13 Sequence (Infilling facies)

Demopolis-Ripley ContactT-R GC 13 Sequence (Infilling facies)

T-R GC 14 Sequence

SubaerialT-R GC 14SequenceUnconformitySUT-R GC 13Sequence

Ripley FmAggrading faciesSubaerial unconformityTSTSUInfilling faciesRSTT-R GC 14 Sequence

SequenceBoundaryT-RGC 14TSTChiwapaSBRSTT-RGC 13McNairy

ShorefaceRavinementSurfaceT-R GC 14 SequenceSRS

Ripley-Prairie Bluff TransitionT-R GC 14 Sequence (Backsteping facies)PrairieBluffTSTRipley

Sediment Starvation SurfaceT-R GC 14 SequenceSRSMFS

Sequence BoundaryT-R GC 14 SequenceClaytonSBSRSMFSMSSSPrairie Bluff

K-P BoundaryT-R GC 14 SequenceClaytonK-PPrairie BluffMFSSRS

K-P BoundaryT-R GC 14 SequenceTSTSBSRSRST

SULateral Facies ChangeT-R GC 14 Sequence

PotentialUKGlobalCorrelationSTRAT,Mancini andPuckett, 2005

Paleogene SequenceStratigraphy

Paleocene-Eocene SequenceStratigraphy

Gulf Coast Interior Salt BasinsGulf Coast Interior SaltBasinsSTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

Paleocene BiostratigraphyJFR, Mancini and Tew, 1991

Depositional SequencesJFR, Mancini and Tew, 1991

Correlation of Paleocene StrataMancini and Tew, 1991

LowerPaleoceneSequencesSBHSTTSTTP 1.1 & 1.2 SequencesLST

Prairie Bluff-Clayton ContactTP 1.1 SequenceTSTSRS(SB)HST

TSTBasal Clayton FmTP 1.1 Sequence

Prairie Bluff ChalkUpper Surfaceburrows

Clayton & Porters Creek FmsTP 1.1 SequenceHSTCSTSTSRS

Clasts in Clayton SandTP 1.1 SequenceClaytonSandSBPrairieBluff

K Fossils in Clayton SandTP 1.1 Sequence

Clayton Sand FillTP 1.1 SequenceSB

Prairie Bluff-Clayton SandTP 1.1 SequenceSB

Edge of Clayton Sand FillTP 1.1 SequenceSB

Pine BarrenTP 1.1 SequenceMemberHSTMFSTST

McBryde Ls MemberTP 1.2 & 1.3 SequencesTSTSBHST

McBryde-Porters Creek ContactTP 1.2 & 1.3 SequencesTSTSBHST

Paleocene Depositional SequenceTP 1.3 & 1.4 SequencesHSTMFSSBTST

Matthews Landing-PortersCreek ContactTP 1.3 & 1.4 SequencesTSTSBHST

Matthews Landing LowerContactTP 1.3 & 1.4 SequencesTSTSBHST

Matthews Landing Marl MemberTP 1.4 SequenceTST

Sequence Boundary / TransgressiveSurfaceTP 1.4 &1.5 SequencesTSTSBHST

Sequence Boundary / TransgressiveSurfaceTP 1.4 &1.5 SequencesTSTSBHST

Coal Bluff Lower ContactTP 1.4 &1.5 SequencesTSTSBHST

Sequence Boundary / SubaerialUnconformityTP 1.4 & 1.5 SequencesLSTSBHST

Lowstand FaciesJFR, Mancini and Tew, 1991

Midway-Wilcox GroupContactLSTSBHSTTP 1.5 and 2.1 Sequences

Lowstand DepositsTP 2.1 SequenceTSTSRSLST

LowstandSystemsTractTP 2.1 SequenceLST

Ostrea thirsae bedsTP 2.1 SequenceTST

Grampian Hills MemberTP 2.1 SequenceHST

Lower TuscahomaTP 2.1 SequenceHST

Middle Tuscahoma SandTP 2.2 SequenceLST

Middle TuscahomaTP 2.2 SequenceBellsLandingMarl

Upper TuscahomaTP 2.3 SequenceBellsLandingMarlTST

Middle to Upper TuscahomaTP 2.3 SequenceHST

Upper Tuscahoma & BashiTP 2.3 & TE 1.1 SequencesTSTSBHST

Tuscahoma LigniteTP 2.3 SequenceHST

Bashi Marl MemberTE 1.1 SequenceTST

Upper Hatchetigbee FmTE 1.1 SequenceHST

Hatchetigbee & TallahattaTE 1.1 & 2.1 SequencesTallahattaHatchetigbee

Eocene-Oligocene SequenceStratigraphy

Location AreaGCAGS, Mancini, 2000

Comparative SequenceStratigraphyGCAGS,Mancini, 2000

Lithofacies RelationshipsGCAGS, Mancini, 2000

Sequence StratigraphyGCAGS, Mancini, 2000

St. Stephens QuarryEocene-Oligocene SequenceHSTMFSTST

Yazoo &BumpnoseHSTMFSTST

Maximum FloodingSurfaceEocene-Oligocene SequenceHSTMFSTST

Forest Hill& MintSpringTSTSBHST

GCAGS, Mancini, 2000Vertical Trends

Stratigraphic InterpretationGCAGS, Mancini, 2000

Application ofSequence Stratigraphy

Basin Analysis

Gulf Coast Interior Salt BasinsGulf Coast Interior SaltBasinsSTRAT, Mancini and Puckett, 2005

Tectonic Framework

Location Map of Seismic SectionsAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Seismic Section A-A’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Seismic Section B-B’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Seismic Section C-C’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Seismic Section D-D’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Depositional History

Depositional HistorySOGB, Mink et al., 1985

AGS, Tew et al., 1993UJ Ramp Profile

PuckettUK Facies Changes

Paleogeographic SettingJFR, Mancini and Tew, 1991

Geohistory (Burial History)

NLSB Cross Sections & WellsDOE, Mancini et al., 2006; lines for cross sections from Eversull (1984)

NNLSB Cross Section A-A’SDOE, Mancini et al., 2006VE: 22X

Burial History Profile, Sabine UpliftLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

NNLSB Basin Cross Section C-C’SDOE, Mancini et al., 2006VE: 29X

Burial History Profile, NLSB UpdipLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Burial History Profile, NLSB DowndipLi, 2006DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

NNLSB Cross Section J-J’SDOE, Mancini et al., 2006VE: 30X

NLSB Cross Section K-K’WEDOE, Mancini et al., 2006VE: 22X

Burial History Profile, Monroe UpliftLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Thermal Maturation History

NLSB Cross Sections & WellsDOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Thermal Maturation Profile CrossSectionAverage Maturation Depth6,500ft12,000ftLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Model CalibrationLi, 2006%Ro (Measured) DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Thermal Maturation History Profile,Sabine UpliftLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot,Sabine UpliftLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Geologic ModelN-S Section D-D’D D’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Thermal Maturation History Profile,NLSB UpdipLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot, NLSB UpdipLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Thermal Maturation History Profile,NLSB DowndipLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot, NLSBDowndipLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Oil Migration, N-S SectionD D’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Gas Migration, at 99 Ma,N-S SectionD D’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Geologic ModelSW-NE SectionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008Oil Migration, SW-NE Section B-B’Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)B B’

Gas Migration, SW-NE Section B-B’Early Cretaceous (Aptian)B B’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Gas Migration, SW-NE Section B-B’Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)BB’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Geologic ModelN-S Section J-J’ (Monroe Uplift)J J’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Thermal Maturation History Profile,Monroe UpliftLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot,Monroe UpliftLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Oil Migration,N-S Section (Monroe Uplift)J J’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Gas Migration, at 52 Ma,N-S Section (Monroe Uplift)J J’AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Geologic ModelNW-SE SectionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

SMK Oil Migration, NW-SE SectionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

SMK Gas Migration, NW-SE Sect.AAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

NLSB Thermal Maturation0.55 1.37,00012,000AAPG, Mancini et al.,2008

MISB Thermal Maturation0.55 1.311,00016,500AAPG, Mancini etal., 2008

Comparison of NLSB and MISBAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Petroleum SystemCharacterization andModeling

T-RSequencesTLKBAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008SM

NLSB Petroleum Source Rocks• Upper Jurassic Smackover lime mudstonebeds served as effective regionalpetroleum source rocks.• Uppermost Jurassic and LowerCretaceous Bossier-Haynesville shalebeds served as effective local petroleumsource rocks.• Lower Cretaceous beds were possiblesource rocks in the basin.

Smackover Petroleum System

NLSB Smackover Source Rocks‣ Lower and Middle Lime Mudstone Beds• Measured present-day TOC average of0.58%• Calculated original TOC average of 1.00%• Measured present-day TOC high range of8.42%• Microbial-amorphous kerogen type• Range of Ro of 2.6%

Petroleum Seal Rocks

T-RSequencesSSTSLKSSSAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008BSMSS

Production

T-R Facies ProductionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Summary T-R Facies ProductionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Reservoir Rocks

Reservoir CharacteristicsAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Reservoir Facies

Aggrading Facies

UJ Aggrading FaciesNorphlet SandstoneDarlys Dees 3-3 wellWashington County, ALDepth: 16,927 ft

LK Aggrading FaciesHosston SandstoneReese No. 1A well15862 ftJefferson Davis County, MS

UK AggradingFaciesTuscaloosa MassiveSandstoneBoone Clarke No 1 wellForrest County, MSDepth: 8200 feet18 mm

Backstepping Facies

LK Backstepping FaciesSligo LimestoneMain Pass 2531654-6 wellOffshore GOMDepth: 15,610 ft

UK BacksteppingFaciesTuscaloosa MarineSandstoneBelden & Blake 3-9 wellClarke County, ALDepth: 5300 feet18 mm

Infilling Facies

T-R GC 1SequenceSmackoverJackson No 1 wellChoctaw County, ALDepth: 10,337 ft

UJ InfillingFaciesDendroidal ThrombolitePermit: 3986 wellEscambia County, ALDepth: 12,971 ft

LK InfillingFaciesDonovan SandstoneCitronelle Unit 28 # 1 wellMobile County, ALDepth: 11,097 ft

LK InfillingFaciesPaluxy SandstonePilgrim No 1 wellWalthall County, MSDepth: 13,193 ft

LK Infilling FaciesDantzler SandstoneBoteler 10-7 No 1 wellForrest County, MSDepth: 9,740 ft

LK InfillingFaciesJames GrainstoneDenmiss 24-8 wellLawrence County, MSDepth: 15,915 ft

LK Infilling faciesRodessa RudstoneWaveland Gas Unit No 1 wellHancock County, MSDepth: 14,039 ft

LK Infilling FaciesMooringsportBoundstoneChandeleur Sound Block 61St. Bernard Parish, LADepth: 16,642 ft

LK InfillingFaciesAndrew RudstoneChandeleur Sound Block 61St. Bernard Parish, LADepth: 14,716 ft

LK Infilling FaciesWashita GrainstoneMain Pass 2531654-6 wellOffshore GOMDepth: 18,763 ft

Event Chart for SmackoverPetroleum System in the NLSBDOE, Mancini et al., 2008

Bossier-HaynesvilleUnconventional PetroleumSystem

Well Location MapDOE, Mancini et al., 2008

Bossier-Smackover Comparison

Hydrocarbon Expulsion PlotDOE, Mancini et al., 2008

SMK Hydrocarbon ExpulsionProfilePeak OilPeak GasLi, 2006 DOE, Mancini et al., 2006

Exploration Strategies

UJ Microbial ReservoirPlay

Smackover Basement Ridge Play &Study AreaLlinas, 2004AAPG,Mancini et al.,2004

Smackover Basement Ridge Play‣ Source :‣ Smackover Formation, Oxfordian‣ Reservoir:‣ Smackover Formation, Oxfordian (>13,000’)‣ Seal:‣ Buckner Anhydrite Member (Haynesville Fm),‣ Kimmeridgian‣ Generation - Migration:‣ Early Cretaceous - Early Tertiary‣ Trap:‣ Combination Structural-Stratigraphic& Study AreaAAPG, Mancini et al., 2000Llinas, 2004

AAPG, Mancini et al., 2004Stratigraphic WellCross SectionAppleton Field

Well 4633-BAAPG, Mancini et al. 2004

Sequence StratigraphicAnalysisSBSmackoverFormationSMTSMSSSBAAPG, Mancini et al., 2004

Seismic Profile IllustratingThrombolite BuildupsAAPG, Mancini et al., 2004

Structure Map Top SmackoverAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

SWStructural Cross SectionNESEAL ROCKUPDIPUPPER RESERVOIRLOWER RESERVOIRLOWERSEAL ROCKLOWER RESERVOIRIN PART OF THE FIELDSEAL ROCKDatum : Sea levelAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

Correlation of Well Log ResponseAAPG, Mancini etal., 2008

Norphlet/SmackoverContactPermit 14305Depth 11,279 feetN/S Contact

Isopach MapThrombolite FaciesAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

NW-SE Stratigraphic Cross SectionNWSEHAYNESVILLEFORMATIONNORPHLETFORMATIONAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008Datum : Top of TransgressiveSubtidal Mudstone

Portugal-Rocha SectionAAPG, Mancini et al., 2004

Thrombolite BiohermAlgarve Basin, Rocha, PortugalThromboliteBuildupFaciesSMSS30mPre-BuildupFaciesAAPG, Mancini et al., 2004

AAPG, Mancini et al., 2004Sequence StratigraphicAnalysisSMTSMSSSMTSMTSMSSSMSS

Spain-Jabaloyas OutcropSections

Pinnacle DistributionJabaloyas, Spain

Thrombolite Buildupand Associated Facies‣ Jabaloyas, Spain‣ Barranco de las BalsillasAAPG, Mancini et al., 2004

PinnacleBuildupCoral-Thrombolite BuildupThrombolite-Coral BuildupEncrusted & Cemented SurfaceArroyo Cerezo,SpainAAPG, Mancini et al.,2004

Encrusted &CementedSurfaceThrombolite PillowsEncrusted &Cemented SurfaceArroyo Cerezo,SpainAAPG, Mancini et al.,2004

Thrombolite PillowTormon, Spain

ComparativeStratigraphyAAPG, Mancini et al., 2004

Distribution of ThromboliteBuildupsAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008

AAPG, Mancini et al., 2004Microbial Buildup ComparisonParameter NW GOM Eastern Spain S. PortugalGeologic Age Oxfordian Kimmeridgian KimmeridgianDepositionalSettingInner carbonateramp settingMiddle carbonateramp settingOuter carbonateramp settingCommonExternalGeometry andSizeBioherms up to200 ft (61 m) thickand areal extentbetween 0.7 and 2.4mi 2 (1.8 – 6.2 km 2 ).Pinnacles up to52 ft (16 m) highBioherms up to98 ft (30 m) thickand areal extent upto 0.9 mi 2 (2.3 km 2 )GrowthFormsLayered, chaotic,and dendroidalHemispheroid/PillowPillowBioticCompositionMicrobial, scarceMetazoan remainsMicrobial–Coral,Metazoan faunaMicrobial,some SpongerichhorizonsSequenceStratigraphyLateTransgressive/EarlyRegressive SystemsTractLateTransgressive/EarlyRegressive SystemsTractTransgressiveSystems Tract

Seismic Profile IllustratingThrombolite BuildupsAAPG, Mancini et al., 2004

Geometry of theThrombolite BuildupsBiohermRocha Buildup, Portugal, 98 ft. high, 0.9 sq. mi.Llinás, 2004PinnacleAAPG, Mancini et al., 2008Jabaloyas Buildups, Spain, 52 ft. high

Conclusions‣ An integrated sequence stratigraphic (based on T-Rsequences) and biostratigraphic approach has merit forestablishing a chronostratigrahic framework for the studyof the interior salt basins of the northern Gulf of Mexicothat are filled with Mesozoic post-rift non-marine tomarine shelf siliciclastic and carbonate deposits.‣ This integrated approach has utility for stratal correlation,sedimentary basin analysis, and the design of petroleumexploration strategies in the interior salt basins of theGulf of Mexico, and it has potential for application inother such Mesozoic basins.