fहndi - Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya

ut they do not assert that humanconsciousness evolves, and that its evolutionis affected by environment andcircumstances. Man is a social being whowants to live with other human beings.In this process of living together literatureis created as a form of social activity. Thepsychology which denies the social aspectsof human beings is not only incompletebut also inefficient. These scientists throwthe light of their science on the slide ofthe self (atma), taking it to be inanimateand static. They do not believe in theconscious and evolving nature of the self.This is why their supporters, on the onehand, consider the feeling of superiorityand sexuality as the motivating force oflife, and on the other, they "experiencein literature an undivided andtranscendental bliss" through the processof generalization (sadharnikaran).According to them, if some artist, withoutfacing life squarely, creates a utopianheaven, he cannot be blamed. Babuji speaksof "healthy escapism" which serves as aprop in life. This means that an escapistis also a supporter of progress. In the sameway Bhakti (devotion) is sugarcoated withsensuality, and Shringara (sensual love) withBhakti. Babuji states : "A poet, like Freud'sdreamer, takes recourse to symbolism insome measure. Sometimes he veils Bhaktiwith sensuality, and sensuality with Bhakti.And sometimes poets, in order to renderit more attractive, sugarcoat gyan (wisdom)and Bhakti with sensuality." Perhaps,without such a stratagem, they would notbe called artists.Literature is subject to evolution, andit is an important social activity. Thegreatest proof of this assertion lies in thefact the theories that the ancient acharyas(scholars) had constituted with a view tofuture application cannot be applied to newmodern literature in entirety. Any attemptto apply them will either break the scaleor force to clip our legs. New literaturecannot be evaluated with the yardstick ofnine rasas. If such an attempt is made, itwill result in the following observations :• "If a novel contains acondemnation of some badcustom, it will be deemed to haveBibhatsa as the dominant rasa."• "The evil which occurs to theoppressed because of the oppressoris an object of Karuna."• "In modern novels it is difficult todetermine which rasa is dominant,but they may be analyzed from theviewpoint of rasa."• "(In Sevasadan) there is a feelingof respect towards prostitutesamongst Hindus. This is anexample of Bibhatsa."• "The Main purpose of Gaban isto expose women's love ofornaments and men's display oftheir wealth and its illconsequences,and the moralcourage and the spirit ofreformation displayed by the wifeprompted by her devotion to herhusband. From the viewpoint ofrasa, we will regard it as afgndi •April-June 2013 :: 11