The Navy Vol_64_Part2 2002 - Navy League of Australia

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INS MYSORE al anchor during ihe Indian Naval Review of 2001. MYSORE and her iwo sisters are ihe most powerful surface combatants built by India andemployed hy any Indian ocean power. (Brian Morrison. Warships & Marine Corps Museum)Last year Frtmantle became the first Australian port of call for the Indian Navy's latest guided missile destroyer, theDelhi class INS MUMBAI (D-62). THE NAVY"s WA based correspondent Ian Johnson toured this impressive destroyerand filed this report.INS MUMBAI arriving in Sydney Harbour for the first time. The smokeemanating from her slacks made many Sydneysiders fear she was on fire.(Brian Morrison. Warships & Marine Corps Museum Ivisually on a clear day but difficult on bad days. All bulkheadsigns arc bilingual, with Sanskrit first, and English second,reflecting the use of English as a language used in all regionsof India.MUMBAI is powered by a Ukrainian-built ZoryaProduction Association M36 COGAG (Combined Gas AndGas) plant comprising two paired DT59 reversible gasturbines each using a RG 54 gearbox. The powerplant cangenerate in excess of 8().(KX) hp. The ship also has installed 2Bergan-Garden Reach KVM-18 Diesel engines. The enginesarc housed in soundproofed boxes, lowering the acousticsignature of the ship. These engines move the ship at morethan 32kts. The ship's cruising speed is 24kts with the class"maximum range not known.WEAPONS AND SENSORSThe Delhi class is equipped with Russian weapons andIndian sensor suites. The ship's Air/Surface Surveillance radarconsists of a Bharat/Signaal RAWL/P318Z (LW-08) operatingin D-band with an IFF interrogator mounted atop the antenna.MUMBAI is also equipped with a MR-775 Fregat (NATOcode name: Half Plate) planar array radar. The ship relies on aBharat Rashmi 3 Pa,.a Frond (I-band) radar system fornavigation.MUMBAI's surface-to-surface missiles (SSMs) comprisesixteen Kh-35 Uran or SS-N-25 (NATO: Switchblade) SSM s.housed in four quadruple KT-184 launchers, angled out at30°. These sea skimming missiles have an activeradar homing seeker, a range of 13()kms at Mach 0.9 anduse a 145kg blast fragmentation warhead. All sixteenmissiles can be ripple-fired at one-second intervals. Firecontrol for the missiles is provided by a Garpun-Bal (NATO:Plank Shave) radar. The Switchblade is the equivalent of theUS Harpoon Bli>ck IC SSM hence its Western nickname of'Harpoonski'.MUMBAI's air defence relies on two single arm KashmirSAM missile launchers one of which is locatcd forward of thebridge and the other is aft just before the helicopter hangar.Each launcher has a magazine of 24 missiles. Guidance andtarget illumination for the missiles is provided by six MR-90Orekh (NATO: Front Dome) fire control radars. The Kashmirlaunchers use the SA-N-7 (NATO: Gladfly) SAM which has a70kg warhead and a speed of Mach 3 out to 25kms.The ship is equipped with one KKImm AK-100 gun whichis used against surface targets, firing 60rpm (rounds a minute)with a range of up to I5knis. The AK-I00's fire control isprovided by the MR-184 (NATO: Kite Screech) radar system.MUMBAI's visit was timed as part of the Centenary NavalReview that was to be held in Sydney in early October 2001before world events, and the possible commitment of the RANin military action, forced the review's cancellation.The officers and crew of MUMBAl were disappointedwith the event's cancellation, yet were happy that their 2001goodwill cruise would continue, even with events near Indiaescalating towards war.MUMBAI is assigned to the IN's (Indian Navy's) WesternCommand and is based at Mumbai (formerly known asBombay). This was her first overseas cruise sincecommissioning earlier in 2001.The IN. once a nation that relied on the UK and then theSoviet Union for ship designs, began to design a warship fromscratch in the early 1970's. After the success of the six shipGodavari class frigate program, the IN began to plan for adestroyer size ship to be built at the Mazagon Dockyards inMumbai.THE CLASSKnown by the IN as Project 15. the first of the class. INSDELHI (D-60) was laid down at the Mazagon Dockyard on 14November 1986. The class are the largest warships built inIndia, yet as the project continued, delays began to occur asthe Soviet Union, who was providing techical assistance aswell as the weapons suite, began to collapse. When the SovietUnion finally disolved in 1991. the Delhi class were alreadyfar behind schedule as the supply system from Russia failed.It would be another six years before supply problems werefixed and INS DELHI outfitted enough to begin sea trials inIW7. Her two sister ships. MYSORE and BOMBAY (whosename was changed to MUMBAI in 1999) were also delayeddue to these problems. INS DELHI (D-61) was finallycommissioned on 15 November 1997. with MYSORE (D-60)following on 02 June 1999 (after modifications from thelessons learnt from DELHI'S construction) and MUMBAIcommissioning in Mumbai on 22 January 2001.The Delhi class were designed as multi-role ships thatcould operate either as part of a carrier screen orindependently with a balanced weapons outfit to handlesurface, sub-surface or air threats.DESIGNThe Delhi class design, which Russia's Severnoyc DesignBureau assisted as a consultant, is described as a stretchedRAJPUT (Kashin-II) with Godavari features. Because of thedelays in building the Delhi class, design advances such asstealth were seen as too costly for the first three ships. It ishoped to incorporate these into the follow on class known asProject I5A.MUMBAI's displacement is between 6.700 standard to6.900 tons fully loaded, and is 163 metres long. These vesselsare fitted for use as flagships and can accommodate anAdmiral with staff.The 320 crew live in quarters comparable to the RAN'sPerth class destroyers, while the 31 officers live in two bunkcabins except for the Captain who has his own cabin.One of the interesting aspects of MUMBAI is the near fullgloss dark sea grey paint used on the outer hull, which makeslight reflect off the ship, making it easier to find the ship14 VOL 64 NO. 2 IHE NAVYINS MUMBAI. Note the two banks of eight SS-N-25 Switchblade' ASCM on her starboard side The class carries 16 of these Russian madeanti-ship missiles, known in the West as "Harpoonski*. (Brian Morrison. Warships & Marine Corps Museum)THE NAVY VOL. 64 NO. 5215
Ml'MBAI has lour multi-barrelled 30mm AK-630Gallingguns (two »MI either beam) which can fire 3000rpm at a rangeto 2.5 kilometres i«» intercept incoming missiles. The AK-630guns are controlled by two MR-123 (NATO. Bass Tilt) firecontrol radars using H/l/J band frequencies.Unatcd just aft of Ml MBAI's funnel is a 533mm PTA533 quintuple torpedo lube launcher. The tubes can lire theSFT-65F anti-submarine torpedo, which has both passive andactive tracking sensors with a range of up lo I5kms at 40ktsand with a 205kg warhead. The tubes can also fire the Type5 V65 passive wake homing lorpedo with a range of l^kms at45 knots which carries a W5kg warhead.Anti-submarine duties are shared with two 12 barrelledRBU-6000 ASW mortars which are located forward of thebridge The RBU-6000 can reach targets up to 500m deep w itha range of 6kms carrying a 31kg warhead. Both the RBU-6000and the PTA 533 torpedo tube launchers are controlled by thePuiga ASW system.The Electronic Warfare suite of the iXlhi class consists ofthe Bharat Ajanta FSM system as well as the KllectronicaTQN-2 jammer ptnls. The ship also has two PK-2 chafflaunchers mounted alongside the aft SAM launcherAll sensors and weapons are controlled throughout theship's Bharat IPN Shikari (IPN 10) Combat Data System,wholly designed in India.AIR OPERATIONSThe IX-Ihi class carries two helicopters located in twohangers aft. The air traffic control b»»oih is loeated between thehangers, and a large flight deck is equipped with the FrenchSamahe helicopter handling/landing system. The class canoperate either the light Aloucttc helicopter or the heavier andmuch more capable Sea King. Apart from the standard ASWarmament Indian Sea King helicopters are also lilted to lirethe impressive Briiish made Sea Hagle ASMHISTORYMl'MBAI is the ninth ship to be named after the cityformally known as BOMBAY. The eighth Ml'MBAI was anAustralian built Bathurst class corvette commissioned asHMINS BOMBAY (J 249) which operated out of Sydneyduring the Second World War before returning to India,serving until I960.INS ML'MBAI leaving Fremantle ()f mne in ibis image is the two largehangar doors ai the stern The ship can operate two large Sea King ASWhelicopters Indian Navy Sea Kings can also he fitted with the British madeSea Hagle ASC'M (roughly the equivalent ol the Harpoon Block IO givingthem a potent standoff anti-ship capability (Graeme Fuller IVOL. 64 NO 3An interesting feature of the Delhi class is its use of five 533nim torpedoluhes tor either the SET 65E active/passive ASW torpedo or the Type 53-65passive wake homing torpedo lor use against ships. The larger torpedo givesihe ship greater stand ofl range when dealing with enemy submarines11 Skin- j( -Mlkisi as well as another means of sinking surface ships (Graeme Fuller)The current INS MUMBAI (D-62) is the first Indianwarship it» sail into a foreign harbour (Fremantle) with thenew Indian Naval Fnsign. which was changed in August 2000.During her sea trials MUMBAI became the first of her class tochange a gas turbine altei the ship's GT 3 unit experiencedproblems during builders trials in October. The gas turbinewas replaced in record time on 7 November. This forced theship's original commissioning date of 15 November 2000 tobe pushed back to Januarv 2001 as further trails on the newturbine were needed. In earlv 2001 MUMBAI conducted asimultaneous launch of two SS-N-25 Switchblade SSM'sduring her weapons trial . both missiles scored hits.A cl«»se-up of two of the four SS-N-25 'Switchblade' ««ct:iple launchersthe Delhi class carries. Nearly all Western warships are happy withonly eight anti-ship missiles. (Graeme Fuller)CONCLUSIONMUMBAI is a most impressive warship, with a first classweapons and senor suite. For a second attempt at buildingtheir own destroyers, the Indians have produced a better thanaverage warship. They have learnt the lessons from this classfor their new Project I5A ship already in the early stages ofdevelopment at the Ma/agon Dockyard in Mumbai.Note. Inn Johnson and Graeme Fuller would like lo thank the Officeri andCrew of the ISS Ml 'MBAI for their Militantr in this articleAustralia's ——DoctrineHMAS AN/AC in the Persian Gulf conducting embargo/sanctions enforcement operations in 2001. The nature of these operations sometimes involves thepossibility of reprisal by the affected party requiring a warship to either deter such action i»r affect some measure of sea control. (RAN)In part 5 of our presentation of the RAN's new Maritime Doctrine we detail Chapters 7 and 8 on Maritime Operationsand Navy's people. The document was written by the Seapower Centre and is reproduced in THE NAVY, with theCentre's approval, given its importance to readers of THE NAVY, Australians and to the Navy league in general.Chapter 7MARITIME OPERATIONSTHE SPAN OF MARITIMEOPERATIONSMaritime forces possess considerable utility in a widerange of situations that span not only the .spectrum of conflict.but also much peaceful human activity. Contemporarystrategic thinkers, notably Ken Booth, have suggested that theroles of maritime forces in this context fall into one of threecategories: military (or combat related), diplomatic (or foreignpolicy related) and policing U>r constabulary). The RoyalNavy makes the distinction in a siightly different fashion,dividing the roles of maritime forces into military,constabulary and benign. In Australian Joint doctrine, thedistinction is drawn in a third way. between combatoperations, military support operations and shaping activities.However, when discussing maritime activities, the idea ofconstabulary operations is particulaily valuable because itemphasises the historically close-and continuing-relationshipbetween maritime forces and domestic and international lawenforcement. The differentiated category of benign roleswithin diplomatic operations is also important incomprehending just how flexible Navies can be.The ability of maritime forces to undertake constabularyand diplomatic operations depends substantially on theirability to carry out their combat roles. The capability to dothese things is thus largely a by-product of the resources andcore skills developed for warfighting.The major activities of maritime forces that fall into eachof these three categories are shown adjoining the triangle.Although the circumstances surrounding benign operationsarc clear enough, the crossovers from military to constabularyroles and back are not always so distinct. As Sir James Cablehas suggested, the distinction between combat and noncombatactivities applies when the infliction of damagebecomes an end in itself. The other important differencebetween military and constabulary activities is that the latterdepend upon legitimacy deriving from a legal domesticmandate or an internationally agreed order, while the former,whatever the degree of force implied, threatened or exercised,is defined primarily by the national interest.COMBAT OPERATIONS AT SEAIntelligence Collection and SurveillanceAlthough intelligence collection, surveillance and geographicinformationactivities are conducted in both pcacc and conflictand have obvious application to national requirements outsideconflict, they are vital enablcrs in maritime combat.Comprehensive intelligence and surveillance are fundamentalto the generation of the degree of battlespace awareness thatwill be necessary to seize and maintain the initiative andachieve battlespace dominance. AH maritime units cancontribute to the development of this awareness and exploit itsproducts. Space based assets, over the horizon systems,signals intelligence and other systems play a vital andincreasingly important role, particularly in the provision ofcueing information which allows local assets to beconcentrated and focused against a particular threat or target.Submarines, because of their ability to remain covert, areTHE NAVY VOL 64 NO 3 II
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Page 21 and 22: OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2002 VOLUME 64 N
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Page 43 and 44: * * *• * ** ¥ *AJERRY BRUCKHEIME

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