Journal of Plant Nutrition - Nutricao de Plantas

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DRIS Norms for Aonla 551Downloaded By: [Universidad Publica de Navarra] At: 09:30 16 May 2011DRIS indices as the quantitative evaluation of relative degree of imbalanceof the nutrients in this study can be calculated for the followingequations:Nindex= [f(N/P) + f(N/K) + f(N/Zn)] / 3Pindex= [−f(N/P) + f(P/K) + f(P/Zn)] / 3Kindex= [−f (N/K)− f (P/K) + f(K/Zn)] / 3Zn index = [−f (N/Zn) − f (P/Zn) − (K/Zn)] / 3where( N/Pf(N/P) =)n/p − 1 x 1000CV( ) n/pf(N/P) =N/P − 1 x 1000CVwhen N/P > n/pwhen N/P < n/pSimilarly for the other functions, such as f (P/K) and f (K/Zn) were calculatedin the same way, using appropriate norms and CV.The leaf tissue optimum range for aonla plants were determined by usingthe DRIS technique. In fact DRIS norms as reference values of each elementobtained from mineral composition of leaf tissues of the high yielding populationconstituted the mean of sufficiency. The optimum ranges are thevalues obtained from the mean ± 4/3 SD and mean ± 8/3 SD, respectively(Beaufils, 1971; Beaufils and Sumner, 1976; Bhargava, 2002). The nutrientvalues < (mean − 8/3 SD) measured deficient, whereas their low range fallsincluding all value between > (mean − 8/3 SD) and < (mean − 4/3 SD).Values between > (mean − 4/3 SD) and < (mean + 4/3 SD) are consideredas optimum. The range between > (mean + 4/3 SD) and < (mean +8/3 SD) were expressed as high. The leaf concentration > mean + 8/3 SDwere considered as toxic.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe mostly soils of study area belong to three order (Inceptisol, Alfisoland Entisol). Mostly, the surface soil is fine loamy (55%), with small amountcoarse loamy (32%) and fine silty loam (12%). The surface soils of aonlaorchards are neutral (6.7 pH) to saline (9.3 pH) and range of electricalconductivity was 0.086 to 1.28 dS m −1 . Organic carbon content varied from0.14–0.87% with mean value of 0.54% and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 )contentvaried from 3.24 to 11.4 g kg −1 with mean value of 8.52 g kg −1 . Theavailable N, Olsen’s P, and 1N NH 4 OAc extractable K was ranged from245–378 kg ha −1 , 16–28 kg ha −1 , and 58 to 251 kg ha −1 with mean value of310, 19 and 167 kg ha −1 , respectively (Table 2).Mean value of total N, P, K, and Zn content in leaves were found 1.87%,1.84%, 1.50%, 1.47%, 1.34%, and 0.10, 0.089, 0.079, 0.07, 0.079% and 0.68,
552 A. K. Nayak et al.TABLE 2 Soil properties of high yielding orchards of aonla plant of Central Indo-Gangetic plains ofUttar PradeshSoil property Minimum Maximum Mean CV (%)pH (1:2) 7.65 9.52 8.76 18.5EC (dSm −1 ) 0.12 0.56 0.38 21.2Organic carbon (g kg −1 ) 0.14 0.57 0.34 16.2CaCO 3 (g kg −1 ) 3.24 11.4 8.52 34.6Available N (kg ha −1 ) 245 378 310 25.8Olsen’s P (kg ha −1 ) 16 28 19 21.2Available K (kg ha −1 ) 58 251 167 13.2Downloaded By: [Universidad Publica de Navarra] At: 09:30 16 May 20110.798, 0.582, 0.527, 0.692% and 48.9, 50.2, 67.9, 45.4 and 36.5 ppm in theorchards of 5 yrs, 10 yrs, 15 yrs, 20 yrs and more than 20 yrs, respectively(Table 3). N, P and K and Zn contents in leaf samples were considerablyreduced with increasing the age of aonla tree where as no specific trend wasfound in Zn concentration. The decreased nutrient concentration in olderplants was partly due to increases in total biomass of plant and partly due topoor nutritional management of the old nursery by the farmers. However,with increases in the pH of the orchard soils (Table 4) there were decreases inthe nutrient contents in the aonla leaves. The N contents in leaves were 1.77,1.49, 1.48, 1.45, and 1.36% at pH 9.0, respectively.Similar trends were observed in respect to P, K and Zn concentration. Raoand Singh (2006) reported a decreased in nutrient content in aonla leaveswith increases in the soil sodicity. Maximum fruit yield of 40.2 kg plant −1was recorded for the plans at the age group of 10–15 years and lowest yieldwas recorded 28.3 kg plant −1 in the age of above 20 years (Table 3). Similarreducing trends of yield of aonla fruits were recorded with increase in soilpH and lowest yield of 19.5 kg plant −1 yield was found at pH > 9(Table4).The DRIS norms recognized from N, P, K, and Zn composition of aonlaleaf samples were further employed to compute DRIS indices from the foliarcomposition of declining anola plants of orchards in the plains of UttarPradesh. As per DRIS indices obtained, the next of kin deficiencies forTABLE 3 Mineral composition and DRIS indices of leaf samples of aonla plants collected from CentralIndo-Gangetic plains of Uttar PradeshLeaf compositionDRIS indicesOrchardRequirement Yield kgage N (%) P (%) K (%) Zn ppm N P K Zn order plant −15 yrs 1.87 0.10 0.68 48.92 −924 1569 49 −695 N >Zn>K>P 29.810 yrs 1.84 0.089 0.798 50.2 −1491 −564 2479 −424 N>P>Zn>K 34.615 yrs 1.50 0.079 0.582 67.86 −5197 −1713 −1652 8562 N>P>K>Zn 40.220 yrs 1.47 0.07 0.527 45.43 −1249 −704 −413 2365 N>P>K>Zn 30.0>20yrs 1.34 0.079 0.692 36.54 −3719 1508 4463 −2252 N>P>K>Zn 28.3
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