NdFeB Magnets in the Context of Automotive Applications - ABM
NdFeB Magnets in the Context of Automotive Applications - ABM
NdFeB Magnets in the Context of Automotive Applications - ABM
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Bosch Group - facts and figuresKey data2006 2007Sales revenue* 43,684 46,320Associates 1) 261,291 271,265located <strong>in</strong> Germany 110,480 112,300located outside Germany 150,811 158,965Capital expenditure* 2,670 2,634Research and development cost* 3,348 3,583Pr<strong>of</strong>it before tax* 3,081 3,801Pr<strong>of</strong>it after tax* 2,170 2,8501) As per January 1, 2007/2008*Currency figures <strong>in</strong> millions <strong>of</strong> euros4
Bosch Group - facts and figuresInternational manufactur<strong>in</strong>g sitesBosch Group: 292 manufactur<strong>in</strong>g sites <strong>in</strong> 34 countries<strong>Automotive</strong> Technology: 133 manufactur<strong>in</strong>g sites <strong>in</strong> 25 countries=Industrial Technology: 86 manufactur<strong>in</strong>g sites <strong>in</strong> 24 countriesConsumer Goods and Build<strong>in</strong>g Technology: 85 manufactur<strong>in</strong>g sites <strong>in</strong> 23 countriesAs per January 2008C/CCM | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g,5distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
Bosch Group - facts and figuresResearch and development expenditureEUR m7.3 7.0 7.4 7.7 7.7% <strong>of</strong> sales350030003 0733 3483 583250020002 6502 7151500100050002003 2004 2005 2006 20076C/CCM | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g,distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
Bosch Group - facts and figuresPatentsIn 2007, Bosch applied for patents for a total <strong>of</strong> 3,281 new <strong>in</strong>ventions Bosch (approx. patents 14 per by day).<strong>the</strong> hour – 12 newIn April 2007, <strong>the</strong> Bosch researchers Andrea Urban and Franz Lärmerpatentsreceivedevery<strong>the</strong> EUCommission’s and European Patent Office’s “European Inventor <strong>of</strong>work<strong>in</strong>g<strong>the</strong> Year”dayaward.Bosch rema<strong>in</strong>s <strong>the</strong> global technology leader<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> automotive technology, a fact whichis also shown by its strong patent position <strong>in</strong> lead<strong>in</strong>gcountries: Germany: 1st place (German Patent and Trademark Office) EP: 1st place (European Patent Office) U.S.: 3rd place (United States Patent and Trademark Office) WIPO (PCT): 1st place (World Intellectual Property Organization)Germany, EP, WIPO: published applications for patentsU.S.: patents granted7
Bosch Group - facts and figuresWhat is Bosch do<strong>in</strong>g to protect <strong>the</strong> environment?Environmental management to ISO 14001 at all manufactur<strong>in</strong>g sites• Heat recovery• Reduction <strong>of</strong> water consumption / waste• Power-sav<strong>in</strong>g measures• Use <strong>of</strong> solvents phased out• Similar requirements made <strong>of</strong> suppliersMore than 40 percent <strong>of</strong> our research anddevelopment expenditure goes <strong>in</strong>toproducts that protect <strong>the</strong> environment andconserve resources In 2007 alone, thisamounted to a good 1.5 billion euros.8C/CCM | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g,distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Outl<strong>in</strong>eIntroductory Notes on BoschMotivation – Global Trends and DriversApplication-Specific driversIs <strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>the</strong> Solution?• Advantages <strong>of</strong> <strong>NdFeB</strong>• Challenges and Open QuestionsRecommended Course <strong>of</strong> Action9CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Global Trends & DriversClimate Changes• Global warm<strong>in</strong>g• CO 2 emissionsGlobal warm<strong>in</strong>g relative to mean temp. 1961-1990Source: Max-Planck-Institute for meteorology, 2006ObservationsSimulation <strong>of</strong> pastScenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scarcity <strong>of</strong> Resources• Oil and fuel• Metals• EnvironmentOil consumption & discovery <strong>of</strong> new oil resourcesby comparison. Source: Aleklett, 2005Fazit: We need to …(1) amplify alternative resources and(2) <strong>in</strong>crease overall efficiency10 9 barrels per yearDiscovery <strong>of</strong> new oil resources • Oil consumption10CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Reduction <strong>of</strong> CO 2 emissionsSusta<strong>in</strong>able MobilityOverall EfficiencyCO 2-emissiong CO2/km, ACEA average20018016014012010080ACEA-commitment2008: 140 g/kmEU-claim2012: 130 g/km∆ = 20%ERTRAC-target2020: 95 g/km1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020•Reduce weight <strong>in</strong>nermotorisch•Increase efficiency•Subsitute fuel byelectricity (EV, HEV)11CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Outl<strong>in</strong>eIntroductory Notes on BoschMotivation – Global Trends and DriversApplication-Specific driversIs <strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>the</strong> Solution?• Advantages <strong>of</strong> <strong>NdFeB</strong>• Challenges and Open QuestionsRecommended Course <strong>of</strong> Action12CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Application Specific Drivers – Electric MotorsPostulates(1) amplify alternative resources and(2) <strong>in</strong>crease overall efficiencyApproaches(1) (Partial) substitution <strong>of</strong> combustion eng<strong>in</strong>es by electric drives (<strong>in</strong>hybrid and electric vehicles, HEV) Direct reduction <strong>of</strong> fuel consumption and emissions(2) Reduce weight and <strong>in</strong>crease efficiency <strong>of</strong> all electric motors(auxiliary motors and drive motors) Indirect effects via reduced weight and <strong>in</strong>creased efficiency13CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Luxury Cars Equipmentmore than 200 Electrical Mach<strong>in</strong>es!•ComfortMirror adjustmentWiperW<strong>in</strong>dow lifterSun ro<strong>of</strong>S<strong>of</strong>tcloseautomatic•Safety• MobilityHVACStarter/GeneratorECFautomatic shift<strong>in</strong>gDoor closerSeat adjustmentSteer<strong>in</strong>g wheel adjustmentFuel pump, Water pump,Electronicthrottle controlABS-, ESP-Motors1407/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as wellas <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Application Specific Drivers – Electric MotorsImproveelectricmotorsWeight ↓Size ↓Efficiency ↑Smaller BatterySmaller GeneratorOverall:weight ↓CO 2 , fuel ↓efficiency ↑ Fazit: Reduce size and weight, <strong>in</strong>crease efficiency!15CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Outl<strong>in</strong>eIntroductory Notes on BoschMotivation – Global Trends and DriversApplication-Specific driversIs <strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>the</strong> Solution?• Advantages <strong>of</strong> <strong>NdFeB</strong>• Challenges and Open QuestionsRecommended Course <strong>of</strong> Action16CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Advantages <strong>of</strong> e-motors with <strong>NdFeB</strong>Energy density BH max [kJ/m³]800600 Novel Approaches?400 <strong>NdFeB</strong>200 SmCoSteels Ferrite1900 1980 2050YearMass <strong>of</strong> e-motor [g]700500300100E-motors withconventionalmagnets(Ferrite)WeightreductionE-Motors withhigh performancemagnets (<strong>NdFeB</strong>)20 40 60 80 100Power [W]<strong>NdFeB</strong> is strongest available permanent magnetEnables compact electric motors• Size and weight reduction up to 50% (compared to ferrite motors)Reduced demand <strong>of</strong> copper and steelIncreased efficiency, reduced losses17CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong><strong>NdFeB</strong> – Challenges and Open QuestionsIn contrast to stable hard ferrites, s<strong>in</strong>tered <strong>NdFeB</strong> materials oxidize <strong>in</strong> humid environments.This corrosion process leads to mechanical and magnetic degradation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material.Left: Needles <strong>of</strong> magnetic corrosion products on <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> a <strong>NdFeB</strong> magnet.Right: Cross section <strong>of</strong> a magnet with a layer <strong>of</strong> corrosion products.Long term stability (chemistry, <strong>the</strong>rmal stability)Long term availability and access (Nd, Dy, …)Overall environmental impactCost18CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Outl<strong>in</strong>eIntroductory Notes on BoschMotivation – Global Trends and DriversApplication-specific driversIs <strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>the</strong> Solution?• Advantages <strong>of</strong> <strong>NdFeB</strong>• Challenges and Open QuestionsRecommended Course <strong>of</strong> Action19CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Recommended Course <strong>of</strong> ActionImprove Permanent <strong>Magnets</strong>• Long term stability• Shapability• Energy densityClose cooperation between• Magnet manufacturers• Component manufacturers• <strong>Automotive</strong> manufacturers20CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
<strong>NdFeB</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>Context</strong>Thank youfor your attention!21CR/ARM3, Alexandra Wilde | 07/02/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regard<strong>in</strong>g any disposal, exploitation,reproduction, edit<strong>in</strong>g, distribution, as well as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> applications for <strong>in</strong>dustrial property rights.
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