The Addiction Behaviors Checklist: Validation of a New ... - Westat

Vol. 32 No. 4 October 2006 Addiction Behaviors Checklist351pain patients: clinical criteria, incidence, and predictors.Clin J Pain 1997;13:150e155.9. Harden RN. Chronic opioid therapy: anotherreappraisal. APS Bull 2002;12.10. American Academy of Pain Medicine, AmericanPain Society, American Society of Addiction Medicine.Definitions related to the use of opioids forthe treatment of pain. Glenview, IL, 2001.11. Portenoy RK, Payne R. Acute and chronic pain.In: Lowinson J, Ruiz P, Millman R, Langrod J, eds.Substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook. Baltimore,MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997: 563e590.12. Butler SF, Budman SH, McGee MD, et al. Addictionseverity assessment tool: development of a self--report measure for clients in substance abusetreatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005;80:349e360.13. Adams LL, Gatchel RJ, Robinson RC, et al. Developmentof a self-report screening instrument forassessing potential opioid medication misuse inchronic pain patients. J Pain Symptom Manage2004;27:440e459.14. Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez K,Jamison RN. Validation of a screener and opioid assessmentmeasure for patients with chronic pain.Pain 2004;112:65e72.15. Michna E, Ross EL, Hynes WL, et al. Predictingaberrant drug behavior in patients treated forchronic pain: importance of abuse history. J PainSymptom Manage 2004;28:250e258.16. Compton P, Darakjian J, Miotto K. Screeningfor addiction in patients with chronic pain and‘‘problematic’’ substance use: evaluation of a pilotassessment tool. J Pain Symptom Manage 1998;16:355e363.17. Robinson RC, Gatchel RJ, Polatin P, et al.Screening for problematic prescription opioid use.Clin J Pain 2001;17:220e228.18. Schieffer BM, Pham Q, Labus J, et al. Pain medicationbeliefs and medication misuse in chronicpain. J Pain 2005;6:620e629.19. Weissman DE, Haddox JD. Opioid pseudoaddictiondaniatrogenic syndrome. Pain 1989;363e366.20. Gajraj N, Hervias-Sanz M. Opiate abuse orundertreatment? Clin J Pain 1998;14:90.21. Chabal C, Jacobson L, Mariano A, Chaney E.Opiate abuse or undertreatment? Clin J Pain 1998;14:90e91.22. Kirsh KL, Whitcomb LA, Donaghy K, Passik SD.Abuse and addiction issues in medically ill patientswith pain: attempts at clarification of terms and empiricalstudy. Clin J Pain 2002;18:S52eS60.AppendixAddiction Behaviors ChecklistInstructions: Code only for patients prescribed opioid or sedative analgesics on behaviors exhibited‘‘since last visit’’ and ‘‘within the current visit’’ (NA ¼ not assessed)Addiction behaviorsdsince last visit1. Patient used illicit drugs or evidences problem drinking a Y N NA2. Patient has hoarded meds Y N NA3. Patient used more narcotic than prescribed Y N NA4. Patient ran out of meds early Y N NA5. Patient has increased use of narcotics Y N NA6. Patient used analgesics PRN when prescription is for time contingent use Y N NA7. Patient received narcotics from more than one provider Y N NA8. Patient bought meds on the streets Y N NAAddiction behaviorsdwithin current visit1. Patient appears sedated or confused (e.g., slurred speech, unresponsive) Y N NA2. Patient expresses worries about addiction Y N NA3. Patient expressed a strong preference for a specific type of analgesic orY N NAa specific route of administration4. Patient expresses concern about future availability of narcotic Y N NA5. Patient reports worsened relationships with family Y N NA6. Patient misrepresented analgesic prescription or use Y N NA7. Patient indicated she or he ‘‘needs’’ or ‘‘must have’’ analgesic meds Y N NA8. Discussion of analgesic meds was the predominant issue of visit Y N NA9. Patient exhibited lack of interest in rehab or self-management Y N NA10. Patient reports minimal/inadequate relief from narcotic analgesic Y N NA11. Patient indicated difficulty with using medication agreement Y N NAOther1. Significant others express concern over patient’s use of analgesics Y N NAa Item 1 original phrasing: (‘‘Patient used ETOH or illicit drugs’’), had a low correlation with global clinical judgment. This is possibly associatedwith difficulty in content interpretation, in that if a patient endorsed highly infrequent alcohol use, he or she would receive a positive rating onthis item, but not be considered as using the prescription opioid medications inappropriately. Therefore, we include in this version of the ABCa suggested wording change for this item that specifies problem drinking as the criterion for alcohol use.