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AMD64 Technology 24594 Rev. 3.10 February 2005• Bipin Patwardhan, Introduction to the Streaming SIMDExtensions in the Pentium III, www.x86.org/articles/sse_pt1/simd1.htm, June, 2000.• Peter Norton, Peter Aitken, and Richard Wilton, PCProgrammer’s Bible, Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA, 1993.• PharLap 386|ASM Reference Manual, Pharlap, CambridgeMA, 1993.• PharLap TNT DOS-Extender Reference Manual, Pharlap,Cambridge MA, 1995.• Sen-Cuo Ro and Sheau-Chuen Her, i386/i486 AdvancedProgramming, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993.• Jeffrey P. Royer, Introduction to Protected ModeProgramming, course materials for an onsite class, 1992.• Tom Shanley, Protected Mode System Architecture, AddisonWesley, NY, 1996.• SGS-Thomson Corporation, 80486DX Processor SMMProgramming Manual, SGS-Thomson Corporation, 1995.• Walter A. Triebel, The 80386DX Microprocessor, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992.• John Wharton, The Complete x86, MicroDesign Resources,Sebastopol, California, 1994.• Web sites and newsgroups:- www.amd.com- news.comp.arch- news.comp.lang.asm.x86- news.intel.microprocessors- news.microsoftxxxPreface
24594 Rev. 3.10 February 2005 AMD64 Technology1 Instruction FormatsThe format of an instruction encodes its operation, as well asthe locations of the instruction’s initial operands and the resultof the operation. This section describes the general format andparameters used by all instructions. For information on thespecific format(s) for each instruction, see:• Chapter 3, “General-Purpose Instruction Reference.”• Chapter 4, “System Instruction Reference.”• “128-Bit Media Instruction Reference” in Volume 4.• “64-Bit Media Instruction Reference” in Volume 5.• “x87 Floating-Point Instruction Reference” in Volume 5.1.1 Instruction Byte OrderAn instruction can be between one and 15 bytes in length.Figure 1-1 shows the byte order of the instruction format.LegacyPrefixREXPrefixOpcode(1 or 2 bytes) ModRM SIBDisplacement(1, 2, or 4 bytes)Immediate(1, 2, or 4 bytes)Instruction Length ≤ 15 BytesFigure 1-1.Instruction Byte-OrderInstructions are stored in memory in little-endian order. Theleast-significant byte of an instruction is stored at its lowestmemory address, as shown in Figure 1-2 on page 2.Chapter 1: Instruction Formats 1
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