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AMD64 Technology 24594 Rev. 3.10 February 2005rFLAGS AffectedID VIP VIF AC VM RF NT IOPL OF DF IF TF SF ZF AF PF CFExceptionsU U U U U M21 20 19 18 17 16 14 13–12 11 10 9 8 7 6 4 2 0Note: Bits 31–22, 15, 5, 3, and 1 are reserved. A flag set to 1 or cleared to 0 is M (modified). Unaffected flags are blank. Undefinedflags are U.Exception RealVirtual8086 Protected Cause of ExceptionStack, #SS X X X A memory address exceeded the stack segment limit or was noncanonical.General protection,#GPX X XA memory address exceeded a data segment limit or was non-canonical.XThe destination operand was in a non-writable segment.X A null data segment was used to reference memory.Page fault, #PF X X A page fault resulted from the execution of the instruction.Alignment check, #AC X X An unaligned memory reference was performed while alignmentchecking was enabled.86 BTS
24594 Rev. 3.10 February 2005 AMD64 TechnologyCALL (Near)Near Procedure CallPushes the offset of the next instruction onto the stack and branches to the targetaddress, which contains the first instruction of the called procedure. The targetoperand can specify a register, a memory location, or a label. A procedure accessed bya near CALL is located in the same code segment as the CALL instruction.If the CALL target is specified by a register or memory location, then a 16-, 32-, or 64-bit rIP is read from the operand, depending on the operand size. A 16- or 32-bit rIP iszero-extended to 64 bits.If the CALL target is specified by a displacement, the signed displacement is added tothe rIP (of the following instruction), and the result is truncated to 16, 32, or 64 bits,depending on the operand size. The signed displacement is 16 or 32 bits, depending onthe operand size.In all cases, the rIP of the instruction after the CALL is pushed on the stack, and thesize of the stack push (16, 32, or 64 bits) depends on the operand size of the CALLinstruction.For near calls in 64-bit mode, the operand size defaults to 64 bits. The E8 opcoderesults in RIP = RIP + 32-bit signed displacement and the FF /2 opcode results inRIP = 64-bit offset from register or memory. No prefix is available to encode a 32-bitoperand size in 64-bit mode.At the end of the called procedure, RET is used to return control to the instructionfollowing the original CALL. When RET is executed, the rIP is popped off the stack,which returns control to the instruction after the CALL.See CALL (Far) for information on far calls—calls to procedures located outside of thecurrent code segment. For details about control-flow instructions, see “ControlTransfers” in Volume 1, and “Control-Transfer Privilege Checks” in Volume 2.Mnemonic Opcode DescriptionCALL rel16offCALL rel32offE8 iwE8 idNear call with the target specified by a 16-bit relativedisplacement.Near call with the target specified by a 32-bit relativedisplacement.CALL reg/mem16 FF /2 Near call with the target specified by reg/mem16.CALL (Near) 87
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