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Lectures iii MwangiTABLE OF CONTENTSPageLECTURE 1: UPDATE OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA ANDOTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES by Martha Mburu and Martin N. Mwangi............... 1ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ 11. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 12. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND...................................................................................... 23. GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES POTENTIAL IN KENYA .............................................. 34. GEOTHERMAL UTILISATION ....................................................................................... 44.1 Electricity production .............................................................................................. 44.1.1 Olkaria I power plant...................................................................................... 54.1.2 Olkaria II power plant .................................................................................... 54.1.3 Olkaria III power plant ................................................................................... 64.1.4 Oserian plant................................................................................................... 64.2 Direct uses ...............................................................................................................64.2.1 Greenhouse heating ........................................................................................ 64.2.2 Swimming pool heating.................................................................................. 64.2.3 Industrial processing....................................................................................... 65. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................................ 75.1 Electricity generation in Olkaria fields..................................................................... 75.1.1 Olkaria I.......................................................................................................... 75.1.2 Olkaria II ........................................................................................................ 75.1.3 Olkaria III ....................................................................................................... 75.1.4 Olkaria IV....................................................................................................... 75.2 Direct uses ................................................................................................................75.3 Other geothermal prospects ...................................................................................... 86. STATUS IN OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES ................................................................ 86.1 Ethiopia..................................................................................................................... 86.2 Djibouti..................................................................................................................... 86.3 Eritrea ....................................................................................................................... 96.4 Uganda...................................................................................................................... 96.5 Tanzania.................................................................................................................... 96.6 Zambia .................................................................................................................... 106.7 Tunisia .................................................................................................................... 106.8 Morocco.................................................................................................................. 106.9 Algeria .................................................................................................................... 107. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 118. CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................... 11ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ 12REFERENCES.................................................................................................................. 12LECTURE 2: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODELOF OLKARIA GEOTHERMAL FIELD BY USE OF GEOPHYSICS ANDOTHER METHODS by Mariita Bw’Obuya and Peter Omenda .................................... 15ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... 151. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 152. GEOLOGICAL SETTING .............................................................................................. 163. GEOCHEMISTRY ........................................................................................................... 174. RESERVOIR CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 185. GEOPHYSICS ................................................................................................................ 195.1. Seismology ............................................................................................................. 195.2 Resistivity ............................................................................................................... 195.2.1 Dipole ........................................................................................................... 20