Journal of European Integration History – Revue d'histoire de l'

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50Markus SchulteFigure 3.2: Textile exports to the EFTA compared to the 1953-58 trend350000300000t 53-58EFTADM 100025000020000015000010000050000053-153-354-154-355-155-356-156-357-157-358-158-359-159-360-160-361-161-362-162-363-163-364-164-3quartersWhile the corresponding German figures were not alarming for the period from1956 to 1958, the industry feared that any loosening of quantitative restrictions visà-viswhat they called “low price countries” would raise their share of the Germanmarket and damage the industry. It was also likely that the Indians would ask forthe expansion of quotas under voluntary export restraint agreements.Figure 3.3: Textile imports from the EEC compared to the 1953-58 trend900000800000700000t 53-58EEC600000DM 1000500000400000300000200000100000053-153-354-154-355-155-356-156-357-157-358-158-359-159-360-160-361-161-362-162-363-163-364-164-3quarters
Industrial Interest in West Germany´s Decision 51Non-ferrous Metals – ExportsAn overview over the export statistics suggests that the tariff changes and otherarrangements brought about by the EEC and EFTA did not affect the trade in nonferrousmetals to any degree as strongly and consistently as seems to have been thecase in the other sectors which have been analysed so far. This is not at all surprisingas far as EFTA is concerned.The Scandinavian countries and Austria had no tariffs on non-ferrous metalswhatsoever, most imports of non-ferrous metals into Britain also were tariff-freeand the other positions were hit by a 10% tariff, while Switzerland retained specifictariffs on all these metals. As far as exports to EFTA were concerned, the trendlines for 1953 to 1958 were falling very markedly for the UK, Norway and Sweden.Exports to these countries did indeed reach very low levels by 1957 andremained on that level for the rest of the period with the exception of exports to theUK which picked up again in 1960.It is obvious that in these markets German exports of non-ferrous metals werenot competitive at all given that they did not face any high tariffs there and still fellcontinuously. The fact that the actual export figures for most of the second half ofthe period considered here lay above the 1953-58 trend does therefore not indicateany relative improvement of the German export performance, but is simply due tothe fact that the trend line entered into the negative realm at some point after 1958in these cases. Only exports to Austria and Switzerland had a rising trend for theperiod from 1953 to 1958 and only the values of exports to Switzerland lay abovethat trend for most of the period after 1958. Britain and Austria remained the industry’smost important export markets despite the fact that exports to Austria weremarkedly below the trend from 1962 on. For EFTA as a whole export figures werewell above the negative trend after 1959.Given the strong fluctuation in the non-ferrous metals trade, perhaps largely dueto world price changes and unstable demand, the quantitative evidence for exportsto the EEC is fairly inconclusive in trying to assess the impact of the EEC andEFTA 9 . However, exports to the Benelux countries and to Italy were above the1953-58 trend for much of the period after 1958. Export levels to all these marketsexcept to the Netherlands remained rather low, while exports to France stagnated9. In 1961 the world price for a number of non-ferrous metals plummeted, rendering tariffs practicallyineffective. See Bundesarchiv, B102 - 127623: Fachvereinigung Metallhütten und Umschmelzwerke,Schüller, Stellungnahme der Fachvereinigung Metallhütten und Umschmelzwerkezum Beitritt Großbritanniens zur EWG.
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Journal of European Integration History – Revue d'histoire de l'

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