Journal of European Integration History – Revue d'histoire de l'
Journal of European Integration History – Revue d'histoire de l' Journal of European Integration History – Revue d'histoire de l'
40Markus SchulteFigure 2.1: Exports of electrical products to the EEC compared to the 1953-58 trend600000500000t 53-58EEC400000DM 1000300000200000100000053-153-354-154-355-155-356-156-357-157-358-158-359-159-360-160-361-161-362-162-363-163-364-164-3quartersWhereas the growth of exports of electrical products was the greatest towardsFrance, this growth started from a very low level. Exports to the Netherlands grewmuch less as compared to the 1953-58 trend, yet their level reached DM 100,000already by 1959 and reached DM 200,000 in the last quarter of 1964, and from1961 exports to the Netherlands are actually markedly above the trend.It is clear from this that the relatively open economies of Belgium-Luxembourgand the Netherlands were and remained much more important for German exportsof electrical products in terms of level than exports to France. It seems however thatfrom the second quarter of 1959 onward exports to France kept doubling every 18months or so and thus caught up with the levels exported to the smaller economiesand equalling exports to Italy by 1963 which started out from a level similar toexports to Belgium-Luxembourg yet growing at a slightly slower rate than those.As has already been stated, exports to the EFTA countries (except Portugal)after 1958 follow very closely the 1953-58 trend-line suggesting that the foundationof the EEC and EFTA did not have an important impact on this part of Germanforeign trade in terms of damage to German export interests in these markets. Neitherexports to Denmark nor to Switzerland seem to have been affected negativelyby the EEC and EFTA. For Denmark (as a relatively minor export market) exportsclearly lie above the trend line from 1959 onward.
Industrial Interest in West Germany´s Decision 41Figure 2.2: Exports of electrical products to the EFTA compared to the 1953-58 trendDM 1000500000450000400000350000300000250000200000150000100000500000t 53-58EFTA53-153-354-154-355-155-356-156-357-157-358-158-359-159-360-160-361-161-362-162-363-163-364-164-3quartersFor Switzerland the same is true at a much higher level from 1960 onward.Exports to Norway by and large follow the trend line, while for Sweden and Austriaexports fall below the trend with the foundation of EFTA and the EEC or slightlythereafter. Despite that, German electrical exports to Sweden remain the highest toany of the EFTA members followed by Switzerland and Austria with exports toBritain ranking only fourth and being of a similar level as those to Denmark, yetfluctuating much more than exports to any other country. Thus German exports ofelectrical products to the UK rise markedly above the trend line in the last quarterof 1958 and stay above it for one and a half year, while falling below it in 1961.Hence German exports to the most important export market in EFTA, Sweden,stagnate from 1960 onward. The same is true for exports to Austria and Britain. Yetonly exports to Austria fall in visible conjunction with the coming into effect of theEEC tariff and quota adaptations, whereas exports to Sweden initially continue tofollow the trend and those to Britain considerably grow when the EEC takes effect.The timing of these changes shows that the initial trade discrimination broughtabout by the EEC was not met with counter measures by the EFTA countries andhence did not produce a distinctive effect on German exports. On the Swedish andthe British market the foundation of EFTA however seems to have made a clear difference.It is likely that trade between Sweden and Britain in electrical productsincreased at the expense of German exports due to mutual tariff advantages. In thesmaller markets and the markets traditionally closely linked to Germany such asAustria this impact was hardly felt or not felt at all as in Denmark, Norway andSwitzerland where German exporters could increase their sales above the 1953-58trend.The most important observation seems to be that the growth of German exportsof electrical products did not fall anywhere else than towards Britain and that their
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Industrial Interest in West Germany´s Decision 41Figure 2.2: Exports <strong>of</strong> electrical products to the EFTA compared to the 1953-58 trendDM 1000500000450000400000350000300000250000200000150000100000500000t 53-58EFTA53-153-354-154-355-155-356-156-357-157-358-158-359-159-360-160-361-161-362-162-363-163-364-164-3quartersFor Switzerland the same is true at a much higher level from 1960 onward.Exports to Norway by and large follow the trend line, while for Swe<strong>de</strong>n and Austriaexports fall below the trend with the foundation <strong>of</strong> EFTA and the EEC or slightlythereafter. Despite that, German electrical exports to Swe<strong>de</strong>n remain the highest toany <strong>of</strong> the EFTA members followed by Switzerland and Austria with exports toBritain ranking only fourth and being <strong>of</strong> a similar level as those to Denmark, yetfluctuating much more than exports to any other country. Thus German exports <strong>of</strong>electrical products to the UK rise markedly above the trend line in the last quarter<strong>of</strong> 1958 and stay above it for one and a half year, while falling below it in 1961.Hence German exports to the most important export market in EFTA, Swe<strong>de</strong>n,stagnate from 1960 onward. The same is true for exports to Austria and Britain. Yetonly exports to Austria fall in visible conjunction with the coming into effect <strong>of</strong> theEEC tariff and quota adaptations, whereas exports to Swe<strong>de</strong>n initially continue t<strong>of</strong>ollow the trend and those to Britain consi<strong>de</strong>rably grow when the EEC takes effect.The timing <strong>of</strong> these changes shows that the initial tra<strong>de</strong> discrimination broughtabout by the EEC was not met with counter measures by the EFTA countries andhence did not produce a distinctive effect on German exports. On the Swedish andthe British market the foundation <strong>of</strong> EFTA however seems to have ma<strong>de</strong> a clear difference.It is likely that tra<strong>de</strong> between Swe<strong>de</strong>n and Britain in electrical productsincreased at the expense <strong>of</strong> German exports due to mutual tariff advantages. In thesmaller markets and the markets traditionally closely linked to Germany such asAustria this impact was hardly felt or not felt at all as in Denmark, Norway andSwitzerland where German exporters could increase their sales above the 1953-58trend.The most important observation seems to be that the growth <strong>of</strong> German exports<strong>of</strong> electrical products did not fall anywhere else than towards Britain and that their
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