FOG Analysis with the FOG Analysis with the InfraCal TOG/TPH ...

FOG Analysis with the InfraCalTOG/TPH Analyzerswww.WilksIR.com

Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG)New FOG limits are forcingindustries and regulating agenciesto monitor effluent more frequently

Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG)• 23-28% of Sanitary Sewer Overflows(SSOs) are due to Fats, Oils and Grease(FOG)• as much as 19 million gallons from 1998 to2001

Important for FOG ProgramsLocate&MonitorIndustries and food service establishmentsdumping high levels of FOG

Important for FOG Programs Set standards for grease traps,interceptors, and separators Monitor for compliance Enforce limits

Monitoring Using an Offsite Lab=Delayed Results

Monitoring Using an Offsite Lab Typical commercial laboratory turn around - twodays to two weeks In-house hexane/gravimetric—several hours Results in the discharge of effluent aboveregulatory limit for extended time Add costs in time and dollars

Non Compliance The sooner the industry or regulatingagency can detect non compliance The sooner the problem can becorrected

What is needed:A quick, accurate and simplefield and/or in-plant analysis

FOG Analysis with the InfraCalTOG/TPH Analyzer

Basic Measurement ConceptInfrared Analysis:Hydrocarbons have a characteristicabsorbance in the infrared region:2930 cm- 1 or 3.4 microns

Spectrum of a hydrocarbon (red)Overlaid with a 3.4 micron filter (black)

Infrared AbsorbanceThe amount of energy absorbedis proportional to the amount ofoil/grease in the sample:A higher oil and grease concentrationhas a higher infrared absorbanceA lower oil and grease concentrationhas a lower infrared absorbance

Two different models availabledepending on desired measurementrange and extraction solventModel CVHModel HATR-T2T2

CVHMinimum Detection Limit 2 ppm 8 ppmSolventPerchloroethylene, Freon,S-316HATR-T2hexane, pentane,Vertrel MCAComponent Measured Measures all hydrocarbons Measures hydrocarbonswith a boiling point higherInstrument Repeatability +/- 1 ppm +/- 2 ppmOtherSolvents are heavier thanwater and require a seperatoryfunnel or inverted vial with asepta cap to collect a solventsample.than the solvent—volatilehydrocarbons will beevaporated along with thesolvent.Solvents are lighter thanwater and solvent samplecan be collected from thetop of the container.

The Measurement of Oil usingHexaneModel HATR-T2T2

The hexane evaporates leaving anoil film on the crystalOil FilmSourceATR crystalA = log (I r / I a )Filters(I r / I a )DualDetector

Infrared light (source) is focused on theend of the crystalOil FilmSourceATR CrystalA = log (I r / I a )Filters (I r / I a)DualDetector

The infrared light reflects offthe surface of the crystalOil FilmSourceATR CrystalA = log (I r / I a )Filters (I r / I a )DualDetector

At each reflection, the infrared lightpenetrates into the oil film and is absorbedby the oil at 2930cm-1Infrared lightSampleOil Film

The infrared light is focused on toa detector containing a2930cm-1 filterOil FilmSourceATR crystalFilters (I r / I a ) DualA = log (I r / I ) a Detector

A higher oil and grease concentrationhas a higher infrared absorbanceA lower oil and grease concentrationhas a lower infrared absorbance

Hexane Extraction –Model HATR-T2T2 Acidify sample to pH of 2 Add 10 ml solvent to 100mlsample (10 to 1 ratio) Shake for 2 minutes Hexane separates totop

Preset timer allowshexane to evaporate After timercountdown and 15second run time Value is displayed

Analysis ProcedureThe whole analysis, from samplecollection to final result, takes under 15minutesAn operator with minimal training cando the analysis

Measurement Range Hexane extraction: 10- 300 ppm** the upper limit can be extended by dilution

Repeatability of the Hexane/InfraredMethodRepeated runs on same sample: + 01Independent applications of sample: + 02Independently prepared samples: +03** Repeatability is dependent on how carefully theanalyst does the extraction

The Measurement of Oil usingS-316 or PerchloroethyleneModel CVH

ASTM Infrared Oil and Grease Method toreplace Freon/IR MethodASTM Method D7066-04: 04:Standard Test Method for dimer/trimerofchlorotrifluoroethylene (S-316)Recoverable Oil and Grease and NonpolarMaterial by Infrared Determination

ASTM Method D 7066-0404 Uses a transmission cell – Model CVH Measures volatile constituents

The Measurement of IR Absorption ofan Oil Sample with a CuvetteSampleFilters (I R / I A )SourceDetectorsA = log I R / I AInfraRed light passes through the cuvettefilled with solvent from the sample extract

The infrared light is focused on toa detector containing a2930cm - 1 filterSampleFilters (I R / I A )SourceDetectorsA = log I R / I AThe amount of IR energy absorbed by thesample correlates to the concentration ofoil and grease in the sample

Cuvette is filled withsolvent extract

Cuvette is placed in the analyzerAfter 30 seconds,FOG value is displayed

Measurement Range S-316 or Perchloroethylene: 2 -300ppm** the upper limit can be extended by dilution

Repeatability of theS-316 or perc/Infrared MethodRepeated runs on same sample: + 01Independent applications of sample: + 01Independently prepared samples: +02** Repeatability is dependent on how carefully theanalyst does the extraction

Comparing Different AnalyticalProcedures

FOG-Fats, Fats, Oil and Grease Not a unique chemical entity A mixture of chemical species that varyfrom source to source It is defined by the analytical procedure,ie: infrared, gravimetric, GC/FID

Comparing Different Analytical Infrared GravimetricProcedures Gas Chromatograph/FlameIonization Detector (GC/FID) Ultra VioletEach method measures different physicalproperties

TechnologyInfraredGravimetryGC/FIDUltra VioletWhat isMeasuredAll analytes removed fromthe samples by theextraction solvent thatcontain a C-H stretchingabsorption.All analytes removed fromthe sample by the extractionsolvent that are notvolatilized.All analytes removed fromthe sample by the extractionsolvent that can bechromatographed and thatrespond to the detector.Aromatics onlyWhat is NotMeasuredVery polar organicsVolatilesVery polar or involatilecompounds dependingon choice of column,temperature program,time, etc.Aliphahtics

Comparison of Hexane/Infrared andMeat Packing PlantHexane/GravimetricInfraredGravimetricSample 1 67 ppm 70 ppmSample 2 1990 2020After Grease Trap at a RestaurantSample 1 423 415Sample 2 332 300Sample 3 103 130Sample 4 157 170Sample 5 67 74

Same Samples,Three Different LaboratoriesInfraCalWilksInfraCal Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3Customer51 49 67 23 5162 61 74 43 4771 -- 76 70 4963 53 66 55 403 1 14 7

Using this simple and quick infrared procedure,operators of a pretreatment system can: Quickly and easily assess their system’sefficiency Take samples before and after treatment Change their system’s parameters andimmediately test the results of their changes See how their system functions under heavyloads Avoid discharging effluent that is above theregulatory limit

Using this simple and quick infrared procedure,regulators can: Quickly and easily test industrial wastewater Immediately catch discharges above regulatorylimit Reduce the number of samples sent to alaboratory Avoid effluent that is above the regulatory limit

FOG Analysis with the InfraCalTOG/TPH Analyzerswww.WilksIR.comFor questions or more information:info@WilksIR.com203-855-9136