Tunnel Face Stability & New CPT Applications - Geo-Engineering

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190 A. Basic Equations of Groundwater Flow“I’ve got two names,” said Cristopher Robin carelessly.“Well, there you are, that proves it,” said Piglet.A.A. Milne: Winnie-The-Pooh
....Appendix BBasic Equations of ElasticityGiven a polar coordinate system defined in figure B.1, with stresses σ ij and displacements u i ,the equations of equilibrium in radial and tangential directions are∂σ rr+ 1 ∂r r∂σ rθ+ 1 ∂r r∂σ rθ∂θ + σ rr − σ θθ= 0r(B.1)∂σ θθ∂θ + 2σ rθ= 0r(B.2)The deformations in radial and tangential directions are defined asǫ rr = ∂u r∂rǫ θθ = u rr + 1 rǫ rθ = 1 2∂u θ∂θ( ∂uθ∂r + 1 r∂u r∂θ − u )θr(B.3)(B.4)(B.5)and the volume strain ase = ǫ rr + ǫ θθ = ∂u r∂r + u rr + 1 ∂u θr ∂θThe stresses can now be expressed asσ rr = µ ((m − 1)e + 2ǫ rr )σ θθ = µ ((m − 1)e + 2ǫ θθ )σ rθ = 2µǫ rθ(B.6)(B.7)(B.8)(B.9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..θ . .r... ... .. ... ......x. .zFigure B.1: Element in polar coordinates191
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Tunnel Face Stability&New CPT Appli
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Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd doo
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viAcknowledgementsKolla här, min
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viiiAbstractThe tunnel wound on and
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xContents3.2.4 Finite Element Model
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xiiList of Symbols× ij i = j norma
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xivList of Symbolsλfirst Lamé con
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1.2. Outline of this Thesis 3suppor
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Chapter 2Stability Analysis of the
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2.1. Introduction 7fluidsoilzs Fα
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2.1. Introduction 9Figure 2.3: Unsu
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2.1. Introduction 11q sq sq sααα
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φ = 40 ◦φ = 35 ◦2.1. Introduc
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2.1. Introduction 15T 1 T 1E1 E 1G
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2.1. Introduction 17N Deformation<
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2.1. Introduction 19GC45 ◦ + φ/2
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2.1. Introduction 21Figure 2.19: Ce
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2.1. Introduction 23Figure 2.21: In
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2.1. Introduction 25D (m) Soil type
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 27the su
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 29xyhz =
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 31s ′
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 33q 02ad
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 35200400
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 37with a
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 39s(z t
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 41∆p f
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 43has be
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 45from t
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 47γF(t/
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 49s min
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2.2. Wedge Stability Model 5140∆s
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 53P
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 55i
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 57
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 63t
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 65o
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2.4. Comparison with Field Cases 67
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Figure 2.57: Overview of soil strat
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2.5. Further Groundwater Influences
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2.6. Conclusions 97the effective st
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2.6. Conclusions 99has been made th
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Chapter 3Horizontal Cone Penetratio
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3.2. Interpretation of Cone Penetra
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3.3. Calibration Chamber Tests on S
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3.4. Scale Model Tests 129Figure 3.
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3.4. Scale Model Tests 1315210Figur
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3.5. Field Tests 133Figure 3.35: Pl
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3.6. Modelling Horizontal Cone Pene
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3.6. Modelling Horizontal Cone Pene
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Page 155 and 156: 3.7. Conclusions 141W H/V 043Ticino
Page 157 and 158: Chapter 4High-Speed Piezocone Tests
Page 159 and 160: 4.2. Determination of Liquefaction
Page 161 and 162: 4.2. Determination of Liquefaction
Page 163 and 164: 4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 149
Page 165 and 166: 4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 1518
Page 167 and 168: 4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 153v
Page 169 and 170: 4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 155-
Page 171 and 172: 4.5. Conclusions and Recommendation
Page 173 and 174: 4.5. Conclusions and Recommendation
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 5Conclusions and Recommenda
Page 177 and 178: 5. Conclusions and Recommendations
Page 179 and 180: Bibliography[1] M.Y. Abu-Farsakh, G
Page 181 and 182: Bibliography 167[30] B. Belter, W.
Page 183 and 184: Bibliography 169[65] J.K. van Deen.
Page 185 and 186: Bibliography 171[99] E. Kreyszig. A
Page 187 and 188: Bibliography 173[133] Committee on
Page 189 and 190: Bibliography 175[171] F.W.J. van Vl
Page 191 and 192: Curriculum VitaeWout Broere was bor
Page 193 and 194: SamenvattingGraaffrontstabiliteit &
Page 195 and 196: Samenvatting 181spanningen ook in d
Page 197 and 198: NawoordIn de afgelopen jaren heb ik
Page 199 and 200: Appendix ABasic Equations of Ground
Page 201 and 202: A.1. Semi-confined System of Aquife
Page 203: A.2. Transient Flow 189withS s the
Page 207: B. Basic Equations of Elasticity 19
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