Tunnel Face Stability & New CPT Applications - Geo-Engineering

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4 1. IntroductionI find their colorful adventures fascinating and also mentally stimulating.– If you ask me, they’re about as mentally stimulating as watchingbamboo grow.Mamasan and kidsan in: The Samurai Pizza Cats
Chapter 2Stability Analysis of the Tunnel Face2.1 IntroductionOne of the main objectives of the tunnel boring process is to adequately support the soil and tominimize deformations during and after construction. This is especially the case in urban environments,where the influence of a tunnel collapse or extensive deformations can be catastrophic,and even limited soil deformations may damage buildings [112, 126]. To prevent this it is necessaryto support soft and non-cohesive soils from the time they are excavated to the momentthe final support is installed. Where groundwater is present it is also necessary to prevent a flowtowards the tunnel face, as this flow may have an eroding effect on the tunnel face.When a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is used to excavate the soil, the radial support andwatertightness is first ensured by the shield and after that by the tunnel lining. At the face suchmechanical support is impractical or impossible to combine with an efficient excavation process,and indirect ways of face support are used. Compressed air or a pressurized slurry may be usedin case of a slurry TBM and a mixture of the excavated soil mass and varying additives is usedin an earth pressure balance.Whatever means of support is used, the pressure in the working chamber of the TBM shouldbe kept at such a level that stable working conditions are ensured. It should not be as low as toallow uncontrolled collapse of the soil into the working chamber, nor as high as to lead to largedeformations of the soil or to a blow-out and subsequent loss of the support medium. The actualworking chamberbackup trainerectorcutter wheelsegmented lining shield excavation chamberFigure 2.1: Shield tunnel boring machine5
Page 1: Tunnel Face Stability&New CPT Appli
Page 4 and 5: Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd doo
Page 6 and 7: viAcknowledgementsKolla här, min
Page 8 and 9: viiiAbstractThe tunnel wound on and
Page 10 and 11: xContents3.2.4 Finite Element Model
Page 12 and 13: xiiList of Symbols× ij i = j norma
Page 14: xivList of Symbolsλfirst Lamé con
Page 17: 1.2. Outline of this Thesis 3suppor
Page 21 and 22: 2.1. Introduction 7fluidsoilzs Fα
Page 23 and 24: 2.1. Introduction 9Figure 2.3: Unsu
Page 25 and 26: 2.1. Introduction 11q sq sq sααα
Page 27 and 28: φ = 40 ◦φ = 35 ◦2.1. Introduc
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Page 31 and 32: 2.1. Introduction 17N Deformation<
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Page 35 and 36: 2.1. Introduction 21Figure 2.19: Ce
Page 37 and 38: 2.1. Introduction 23Figure 2.21: In
Page 39 and 40: 2.1. Introduction 25D (m) Soil type
Page 41 and 42: 2.2. Wedge Stability Model 27the su
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Page 55 and 56: 2.2. Wedge Stability Model 41∆p f
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 55i
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 57
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 63t
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2.3. Model Sensitivity Analysis 65o
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2.4. Comparison with Field Cases 67
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Figure 2.57: Overview of soil strat
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2.5. Further Groundwater Influences
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2.6. Conclusions 97the effective st
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2.6. Conclusions 99has been made th
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Chapter 3Horizontal Cone Penetratio
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3.2. Interpretation of Cone Penetra
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3.3. Calibration Chamber Tests on S
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3.4. Scale Model Tests 129Figure 3.
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3.4. Scale Model Tests 1315210Figur
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3.5. Field Tests 133Figure 3.35: Pl
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3.6. Modelling Horizontal Cone Pene
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3.7. Conclusions 141W H/V 043Ticino
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Chapter 4High-Speed Piezocone Tests
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4.2. Determination of Liquefaction
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4.2. Determination of Liquefaction
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4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 149
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4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 1518
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4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 153v
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4.4. Calibration Chamber Tests 155-
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4.5. Conclusions and Recommendation
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4.5. Conclusions and Recommendation
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Chapter 5Conclusions and Recommenda
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5. Conclusions and Recommendations
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Bibliography[1] M.Y. Abu-Farsakh, G
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Bibliography 167[30] B. Belter, W.
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Bibliography 169[65] J.K. van Deen.
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Bibliography 171[99] E. Kreyszig. A
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Bibliography 173[133] Committee on
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Bibliography 175[171] F.W.J. van Vl
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Curriculum VitaeWout Broere was bor
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SamenvattingGraaffrontstabiliteit &
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Samenvatting 181spanningen ook in d
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NawoordIn de afgelopen jaren heb ik
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Appendix ABasic Equations of Ground
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A.1. Semi-confined System of Aquife
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A.2. Transient Flow 189withS s the
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....Appendix BBasic Equations of El
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B. Basic Equations of Elasticity 19
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