Fixation of Sandwich Panels - EPAQ
Fixation of Sandwich Panels - EPAQ
Fixation of Sandwich Panels - EPAQ
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<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Germany • Indiawww.zbn.deCompetence in light-weight constructions• advise, development,• design, structural analysis• supervision, expertise, certificationworldwide<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>,Mechanism and InnovationsDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Overview1. Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sWhy Does It Happen to Work?2. Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>sDesign versus Limitations?3. Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sWhat is That All About?Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>s → Visible <strong>Fixation</strong>s● Tiny washer areas carry surprisingly high loads● The load bearing mechanism is not really understood● The inevitableness <strong>of</strong> bulgesDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sComparison <strong>of</strong> Supports and <strong>Fixation</strong>sDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sComparison <strong>of</strong> Supports and <strong>Fixation</strong>sDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sContemporary Test Set-ups are diffuseSource: EN 14509:2006-11Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Dirk H. UrbanekConventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sSimple <strong>Sandwich</strong> Theory Does not Cover Point ImpactsSource: Y. Frostig, M. Baruch, O. Vilnay, I. Sheinman:High-Order Theory for <strong>Sandwich</strong>-BeamBeavior with Transversely Flexible Core
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at the Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 N„Innovative Anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> Elements“Goals <strong>of</strong> Part I (partly and shortened):Development <strong>of</strong> realistic calculation models <strong>of</strong> transverselyacting sandwich fixations.Source: AiF-Research Project 16066 NThus allow the structural and constructive design andoptimisation <strong>of</strong> new fastening systems without approvalDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at the Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NApproach to Part ISource: AiF-Research Project 16066 NDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at the Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NApproach to Part ISource: AiF-Research Project 16066 NDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at the Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundPreliminary Results <strong>of</strong> Part I:• Load bearing capacity depends first and foremost linearlyon the thickness <strong>of</strong> the adjacent steel layer andon the diameter <strong>of</strong> the washer.• The influence <strong>of</strong> the core stiffness,the pressure resistance, andthe thickness <strong>of</strong> the elementare more or less negligible.• Bulges are – as ever known – unavoidable.Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sUnavoidable BulgesDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Conventional <strong>Fixation</strong>sUnavoidable BulgesDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>s → Civil Engineer ́s Nightmare?● The fixations become structurally decisive● Linear <strong>Sandwich</strong> Theory is Scarcely Applicable only● Contemporary systems do not pardon any mistake nor accident● Load spreading inlays are prone to be not reliably watertightDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>s<strong>Fixation</strong>s Become Structurally Decisive, Reason I and II● The load bearing capacity <strong>of</strong> marginal fixations is lowRoughly estimated reduction factor (20mm ≤ e ≤ 45mm):Source: Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine, Universität Karlsruhe - Bericht Nr.: 061505● There are only few fixation possibilities.Maximal number <strong>of</strong> screws per square meter:Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>s<strong>Fixation</strong>s Become Structurally Decisive, Reason I and II● The load bearing capacity <strong>of</strong> marginal fixations is lowRoughly estimated reduction factor (20mm ≤ e ≤ 45mm):Source: Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine, Universität Karlsruhe - Bericht Nr.: 061505● There are only few fixation possibilities.Maximal number <strong>of</strong> screws per square meter:Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>s<strong>Fixation</strong>s Become Structurally Decisive, Reason IIIThe fixation has to be achieved by a positive lockDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>s<strong>Fixation</strong>s Become Structurally Decisive, Reason IIIThe fixation has to be achieved by a positive lockDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>sLimitation <strong>of</strong> Possible Span Widths by Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>4.504.254.15 4.254.003.503.253.002.502.001.501.000.500.001-span2-spans1.90 2.203-spansHiddenVisibleHiddenVisibleSource: ZBN Civil Engineers LTDDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>sInvisibly Fixed Sw-<strong>Panels</strong> are rather Plates but not BeamsSource: ZBN Civil Engineers LTDDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>sInvisibly Fixed Sw <strong>Panels</strong> are Difficult to ReplaceSource: ZBN Civil Engineers LTDDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Hidden <strong>Fixation</strong>sLoad Spreading Plates are Commonly not SealedSource: Approval Z-10.4-440Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>s → an Attempt at Walking● <strong>Fixation</strong>s at one face only are urgently required● <strong>Fixation</strong>s at one face only are currently not in reach● Constructive alternatives might be possibleDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>s<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> Solar Systems, Racks, Ducts, Lamps, or ...Source: www.schletter.deDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>s<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> Solar Systems, Racks, Ducts, Lamps, or ...Source: www.schletter.deDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 N„Innovative Anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> Elements“Goals <strong>of</strong> Part II (partly and shortened):Design, dimensioning, and optimisation <strong>of</strong> anchorage systemsat the inner face <strong>of</strong> sandwich elements.Development <strong>of</strong> computational tools for the economicaldimensioning <strong>of</strong> these anchorage systems.Provision <strong>of</strong> design rules in terms <strong>of</strong> economical productionand simple on-site assembly.Source: AiF-Research Project 16066 NDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> ElementsSource: AiF-Research Project 16066 NDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> ElementsLifting ForceForce [kN]1.401.201.000.800.600.400.20-- 2 4 6 8Displacement [mm]Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> ElementsDirk H. Urbanek
Source: UEAtc Technical Report for the assessment <strong>of</strong>installations uisng sandwich panels with aCFC-free polyurethane foam cor - 1996<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> ElementsDirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sResearch at Technical University <strong>of</strong> DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 N„Innovative Anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> Elements“Realisation due to the very first tests (Part II):There is no easy way to fix reasonable loads at one steelskin only.The applicable forces are disappointingly small.Dirk H. Urbanek
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Innovative <strong>Fixation</strong>sAlternatives?Dirk H. UrbanekSource: ZBN Civil Engineers LTD
<strong>Fixation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Panels</strong>16.09.2010Résumé● Even the traditional visible fixation ought to be further examined● Hidden fixations provide many disadvantages and all <strong>of</strong> which are inherent● Real innovations are not in sight and will demand some additional effortsDirk H. Urbanek
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