potato 5-9-12 CLEAN - Vegetableipmasia.org

ORGANIC POTATO PRODUCTION Table 3.2. Non-­‐leguminous Cover Crops: Cultural Requirements and Crop Benefits SPECIES PLANTING DATES LIFE CYCLE COLD HARDINESS ZONE HEAT DROUGHT SHADE -­‐-­‐TOLERANCES-­‐-­‐ PH PREFERENCE SOIL TYPE PREFERENCE SEEDING (LB/A) COMMENTS Brassicas e.g. mustards, rapeseed April or late August-­early Sept. Annual / Biennial ** 6-­‐8 4 6 NI 5.3-­‐6.8 Loam to clay 5-­‐12 +Good dual purpose cover & forage +Establishes quickly in cool weather +Biofumigant properties Buckwheat Cereal Rye Fine Fescues Oats Ryegrasses Sorghum-­‐Sudangrass Late spring-­summerAugust-­earlyOctober Summer annual ** Winter annual Mid March-­‐ Long-­‐lived mid-­‐May OR perennial late Aug.-­‐ late Sept. Mid-­‐Sept-­‐ early October August-­early Sept. Late spring-­summerSummer annual** Winter annual (AR)/ Short-­‐lived perennial (PR) Summer Annual ** NFT 7-­‐8 4 6 5.0-­‐7.0 Most 35-­‐134 +Rapid grower (warm season) +Good catch or smother crop +Good short-­‐term soil improver for poor soils 3 6 8 7 5.0-­‐7.0 Sandy to clay loams 4 3-­‐5 7-­‐9 7-­‐8 5.3-­‐7.5 (red) 5.0-­‐6.0 (hard) 8 4 4 4 5.0-­‐6.5 Silt & clay loams 6 (AR) 4 (PR) 4 3 7 (AR) 5 (PR) NFT 9 8 NI Near neutral 60-­‐200 +Most cold-­‐tolerant cover crop +Excellent allelopathic weed control +Good catch crop +Rapid germination & growth +Temporary N tie-­‐up when turned under Most 16-­‐100 +Very good low-­‐maintenance permanent cover, especially in infertile, acid, droughty &/or shady sites 110 +Rapid growth +Ideal quick cover and nurse crop 6.0-­‐7.0 Most 14-­‐35 +Temporary N tie-­‐up when turned under +Rapid growth +Good catch crop +Heavy N & moisture users NI 10-­‐36 +Tremendous biomass producers in hot weather +Good catch or smother crop +Biofumigant properties NI-­‐No Information, NFT-­‐No Frost Tolerance. AR=Annual Rye, PR=Perennial Rye. Drought, Heat, Shade Tolerance Ratings: 1-­‐2=low, 3-­‐5=moderate, 6-­‐8=high, 9-­‐10=very high. **Winter killed. Reprinted with permission from Rodale Institute HUwww.rodaleinstitute.orgUH M. Sarrantonio. (1994) Northeast Cover Crop Handbook (Reference 19). 4. FIELD SELECTIONFor organic production, give priority to fields with excellentsoil tilth, high organic matter, and good drainage andairflow.4.1 Certification RequirementsCertifying agencies have requirements that affect fieldselection. Fields cannot be treated with prohibitedproducts for three years prior to the harvest of a certifiedorganic crop. Adequate buffer zones must exist betweencertified organic and conventionally grown crops. Thebuffer zones must be a barrier such as a diversion ditch ordense hedgerow, or be a distance large enough to preventdrift of prohibited materials onto certified organic fields.Determining what buffer zone is needed will varydepending on equipment used on adjacent non-certifiedland. For example, use of high-pressure spray equipmentor aerial pesticide applications in adjacent fields willincrease the buffer zone size. Pollen from a geneticallyengineered plant can also be a contaminant. An organiccrop should not be grown near an organic crop of thesame species. Check with your certifier for specific bufferrequirements. These buffers commonly range between 20to 250 feet depending on adjacent field practices.52012