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ORGANIC POTATO PRODUCTION Table 15.6 Pesticides Labeled for Management of Climbing Cutworms Class of Compounds Product Name (active ingredient) BIOLOGICALS Biobit HP (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki str. ABTS-‐351) Product Rate PHI (days) 0.5-‐1 lb/A 0 4 ? REI (hours) Efficacy Comments Deliver (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) Dipel DF (Bacillus thuringiensis) Javelin WG (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) Seduce Insect Bait (spinosad) Xen Tari (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai, str. ABTS-‐1857) BOTANICALS Aza-‐direct (azadirachtin) AzaGuard (azadirachtin) AzaMax (azadirachtin) Azatrol (azadirachtin) BioLink (garlic juice) Ecozin PLUS 1.2% ME (azadirachtin) 0.25-‐1.5 lb/A 0 4 ? 0.5-‐1 lb/A 0 4 ? Residue on foliage must be eaten by larvae. Does not provide immediate mortality. Must be eaten by larvae. Not recommended for subterranean since applied to foliage. 0.12-‐1.5 lbs/A 0 4 ? 20-‐44 lb/A 7 4 ? Broadcast granular formulation 0.5 – 1.5 lbs Up to day of harvest 4 ? 1-‐2 pt/A 0 4 ? Does not provide immediate mortality. Intoxicated nymphs and larvae die at their next molt. Foliage contact and coverage extremely important. 8-‐16 fl oz/A 0 4 ? Use with an OMRI approved spray oil. 1.33 fl oz/1000 0 4 ? ft 20.24-‐0.96 0 4 ? fl/1000 ft 20.5-‐2 qts/A -‐ -‐ ? 25(b) pesticide 15-‐30 oz/A 0 4 ? Molt-‐X (azadirachtin) IRON PHOSPHATE OILS Bug-‐N-‐Sluggo® Insect, Slug and Snail Bait (iron phosphate and spinosad) Cedar Gard (cedar oil) 8 oz/A 0 4 ? Use in combination with an organic 0.25-‐1% nonphytotoxic crop oil in sufficient water to cover undersides of leaves. 20-‐44 lbs/A 7 4 ? 1 qt/A -‐ -‐ ? 25(b) pesticide. 59B PHI = pre-‐harvest interval, REI = restricted entry interval. -‐ = pre-‐harvest interval isn't specified on label. Efficacy: 1-‐ effective in half or more of recent university trials, 2-‐ effective in less than half of recent university trials, 3-‐not effective in any known trials, ?-‐ not reviewed or no research available 742012
ORGANIC POTATO PRODUCTION 15.7 European Corn Borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalisTime of concern: June and JulyKey characteristics: Eggs are white and laid in scale-like masses on the underside of leaves. The larvae are gray with rows ofbrown spots and a dark brown head capsule. Larvae are 3/4 inch long when fully developed. The adult is a yellowish/reddishbrown moth, about one inch in length. See Reference 113A to accurately determine if moths in the field are actually ECBmoths. See Cornell HUfact sheetUH (Reference 113), HUlife cycleUH (Reference 114) and Reference 115 for more information onmanagement.Relative risk: European corn borer is a sporadic problem usually affecting potatoes grown near infested corn fields. Isolatedpotato farms rarely see this insect even though it is a fairly strong flyer. Economically, this is normally a minor pest unlessthere is black leg on the seed or in wet weather on some varieties. In the absence of blackleg inoculum, economic damagefrom the corn borer alone is insignificant except at infestation levels exceeding 35% infested stems.Management Option Scouting/thresholds Site selection Resistant varieties Natural enemies Plowing Sanitation Harvest Recommendation for European Corn Borer The optimum time for application of an insecticide coincides with hatching of egg masses and is best determined by the detection of peak flight periods. Monitor peak flight periods using blacklight and pheromone traps or by caging infested corn stalks from a nearby field in a screened enclosure. Apply insecticide on a schedule when moths are in the area and flying to provide best control. It is also advisable to sample the grassy areas bordering fields since the adults frequent these areas during daylight hours and may be more readily found in these areas than within cropped areas. Sampling for egg masses is impractical in potatoes. Furthermore, monitoring for larvae and for broken or wilted stems serves no useful purpose because control cannot be achieved once larvae have penetrated stems. Avoid planting potatoes in fields that have been rotated to corn. If this is not feasible, cut corn stubble as short as possible and shred stalk material over a wide area to destroy the majority of overwintering larvae. Survival and establishment of larvae vary depending on potato cultivar and field conditions. Larval survival on three popular cultivars follows: > Monona > Superior > Katahdin. Under field conditions, Monona is more susceptible to attack by ECB's and to infection by aerial blackleg than other cultivars. Naturally occurring predators, parasitoids, and pathogens help suppress infestations. Use Reference 94 or Cornell’s Guide to natural enemies (Reference 95) to identify natural enemies. Trichogramma ostriniae releases have been found effective. See T. ostriniae to help manage ECB (Reference 116) for more information. Up to 60 percent of overwintering larvae may be killed by moldboard or chisel plowing or disking prior to moth emergence. If corn is included in the rotation, silage corn is less likely to harbor ECB larvae than ear (or seed) corn. With the latter, cut stalks as short as possible following harvest and shred to further reduce overwintering larvae. This tactic is effective when implemented over a large area. Mow adjacent weeds and grass, where moths take shelter during the day, to force females to move away from potato fields. Remove volunteer corn that may attract ECB moths to the potato field. A simple mechanical device that attaches to the harvester can be used to crush potato stems where larvae overwinter. Initial studies in Canada showed that crushing the stems resulted in a 95% reduction in larval survival. See Canadian Pest Management Centre article (Reference 117) At the time this guide was produced, the following materials were labeled in New York State for managing this pest and were allowable for organic production. Listing a pest on a pesticide label does not assure the pesticide’s effectiveness. The registration status of pesticides can and does change. Pesticides must be currently registered with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) to be used legally in NY. Those pesticides meeting requirements in EPA Ruling 40 CFR Part 152.25(b) (also 752012
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