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ORGANIC POTATO PRODUCTION Table 12.3 Pesticides Labeled for Management of Early Blight Class of Compounds Product Name (active ingredient) Product Rate PHI (days) 100 gal/A harvest REI (hours) Efficacy Comments Champ WG (copper hydroxide) CS 2005 (copper sulfate pentahydrate) 1-‐4 lbs/A -‐ 24 2 19.2-‐32 oz/A -‐ 48 2 For Champ WG apply 1-‐1.5 lbs/A where disease is light and up to 3 to 4 lbs/A where disease is more severe. Cueva Fungicide Concentrate (copper octanoate) 0.5-‐2.0 gal/100 gal water applied at 50-‐100 gallons of spray mix/A Up to day of harvest 4 2 Nordox 75 WG (cuprous oxide) NuCop 50DF (cupric hydroxide) 0.66 – 4 lbs -‐ 12 2 1-‐4 lb/A 1 24 2 Apply Nordox 75 WG every 7-‐10 when plants are 6 inches high until harvest. Nu-‐Cop 50 WP (copper hydroxide) HYDROGEN DIOXIDE OxiDate (hydrogen dioxide) 1 – 1.5 lbs (light infestation) 3 – 4 lbs (heavy infestation) 40-‐128 fl oz/100 gal applied at 30-‐100 gal of spray solution/ treated A 1 24 2 Apply Nu Cop 50 WP every 7-‐10 days when plants are 6 inches high. Use lower rate where disease is light and higher rate where disease is more severe. 0 Until sprays have dried ? Use high rate for curative treatment, lower rates for preventative treatment. Multiple treatments necessary. PERpose Plus (hydrogen peroxide/dioxide) POST HARVEST TREATMENT StorOx 2.0 (hydrogen peroxide/ peroxyacetic acid mix) OTHER Milstop (potassium bicarbonate) 1 fl oz/Gal (initial/curative) 0.25-‐0.33 fl oz/gal (weekly/preventative) 1 ¼ -‐ 2 ½ fl. oz./gal (postharvest spray); 1;100 – 1:1000 (post harvest process/packing line) -‐ 1 (interior); until dry (field) 2-‐5 lb/A 0 1 ? ? For initial or curative use, apply higher rate for 1 to 3 consecutive days. Then follow with weekly/preventative treatment. For weekly or preventative treatments, apply lower rate every five to seven days. At first signs of disease, use curative rate then resume weekly preventative treatment. 0 0 ? Postharvest treatment of tubers. 59B PHI = pre-‐harvest interval, REI = restrictedentry interval. -‐ = pre-‐harvest interval isn't specified on label. Efficacy: 1-‐ effective in half or more of recent university trials, 2-‐ effective in less than half of recent university trials, 3-‐not effective in any known trials, ?-‐ not reviewed or no research available 12.4 Late Blight, Phytophthora infestansTime for concern: Throughout the growing season and in storage. High moisture and moderate temperatures (60-80 o F)favor late blight development; disease will stall in hot weather.Key characteristics: This fungus causes lesions on leaves and stems that appear as small flecks within three to five days afterinfection. The infected tissue is initially water-soaked but becomes brown or black in a few days. Lesions are often surroundedby a halo of light green tissue. Under high humidity, sporulation is visible as a delicate, white mold surrounding the lesion.Rain may wash spores down the stems and infect tubers. Infected tubers develop a shallow reddish-brown corky dry rot.Bacterial soft rot often follows. Late blight overwinters on infected, stored tubers or tubers left in the field. See Cornell HUfact322012
ORGANIC POTATO PRODUCTION sheetUH (Reference 61), HUdisease cycleUH (Reference 62), HUcontrol optionsUH (Reference 63), HUorganic management optionsUH (Reference 63 B).Relative Risk: This disease occurs sporadically, but is totally devastating when present. In very wet cool weather, infectionscan spread quickly, leading to 50% or greater reductions in yield even with copper sprays, and complete yield loss if nocontrol measures are taken. Hot weather slows disease progress.Management Option Scouting/thresholds Site selection Crop rotation Resistant varieties Seed selection/treatment Recommendation for Late Blight Scout fields weekly for late blight symptoms. A forecasting system for late blight is available for some New York locations through the Network for Environment and Weather Awareness Potato late blight forecaster (Reference 4). The forecasting system has two parts: early season prediction of first appearance of late blight, and subsequent recommended spray intervals if late blight is present. Both parts use a measure called severity values (SV), which is calculated using hours of relative humidity over 90% and average temperature during those hours. Late blight is first expected to appear 1-‐2 weeks after 18 SV have accumulated, starting with the emergence of green tissue from the source of late blight inoculum. The source of inoculum could be plants growing from infected tubers in a cull pile, volunteers growing from infected tubers that survived the winter, or infected seed tubers. Start scouting soon after 18 SV have accumulated if a late blight forecast is available for your area, or when potatoes are 4-‐6" high. Conventional farmers begin applying fungicides at this point and maintain coverage until harvest, adjusting spray intervals to reflect weather conditions as described below. If late blight is found early in the season it may not be possible to control it adequately using approved copper products, and the field may need to be disked under. Track where late blight has been found in NY and monitor potential sources of late blight spores from off your farm at Cornell’s Weekly Late Blight Update (Reference 64). If late blight is found in your county or adjacent counties and you choose to use copper, apply an approved copper fungicide immediately even if late blight has not been found in your field. Coverage should be excellent throughout the canopy. Once fungicide applications have started, weekly accumulations of SV can help determine spray intervals. Cornell plant pathologists consider weather that accumulates six or more severity values in a week very favorable, indicating the need for a 5 day spray interval on potatoes; 3 -‐ 5 severity values indicates moderately favorable weather and the need for a 7 day interval; less than 2 indicates unfavorable weather, when a 10 day interval may be used. Be aware that copper can build up in the soil. See Organic Resource Guide (Reference 2) and organic management options (Reference 63B) for more information about using copper fungicides. If present, harvest the crop early before it becomes contaminated. Harvest new potatoes and sell early, if possible. Avoid fields that cannot be effectively sprayed. Fields surrounded by trees that shade and slow air movement, or those remaining damp late into the morning are at higher risk for infection. This is not an effective management option. Potato varieties differ slightly in their susceptibility, but commercial varieties do not have useful levels of resistance. Late variety Elba has foliar resistance but not tuber resistance. Choose early maturing varieties that will allow early harvest. Infected seed potatoes serve as an important source of inoculum. Plant phytosanitary certified seed (See Section 7.1: Seed sources). Know your seed grower. Even state phytosanitary certified seed may have a low percentage of late blight. Obtain plant health certification from state certifying agency indicating if late blight was present in the field. Potatoes grown for seed must have no more than 1% late blight tuber rot. 332012
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