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59B ORGANIC POTATO PRODUCTION Table 12.2 Pesticides Labeled for Management of Fusarium Dry Rot Class of Compounds Product Name (active ingredient) peroxide/peroxyacetic acid) Product Rate 1:100 – 1:1000 (post harvest process/packing line) PHI (days) REI (hours) Efficacy Comments PHI = pre-‐harvest interval, REI = restricted entry interval. -‐ = pre-‐harvest interval isn't specified on label. Efficacy: 1-‐ effective in half or more of recent university trials, 2-‐ effective in less than half of recent university trials, 3-‐not effective in any known trials, ?-‐ not reviewed or no research available 12.3 Early Blight, primarily Alternaria solaniTime for concern: Early to mid-July through harvest in warm and humid weather.Key characteristics: This fungus causes leaf lesions that are dark brown and appear leathery with faint, concentric ringsgiving a “target-spot” effect. Spots grow to 1/2 inch. Under prolonged warm and humid conditions, spots may enlarge orcoalesce, causing leaf yellowing and early senescence. Severe defoliation will reduce yields. Tuber infections appear as small,irregular, brownish black spots that are usually sunken. The rotted tuber tissue is firm, hard, and somewhat corky. Tuberinfection is much less common than foliar infection. Early blight overwinters in infected plant debris and potato tubers. SeeCornell general HUfact sheetUH (Reference 55), early blight HUfact sheetUH (Reference 59) and Michigan State HUphotosUH (Reference 60).Relative Risk: Prevalent in most growing seasons, but in comparison with late blight, this disease is less serious. There is ahigh risk for significant defoliation and yield reduction when susceptible varieties are grown in a warm, wet year.Management Option Scouting/thresholds Site selection Planting Crop rotation Resistant varieties Seed selection/treatment Irrigation Vine killing Harvest Sanitation Storage Notes Recommendation for Early Blight Record the occurrence and severity of early blight. Thresholds have not been established for organic production Select well-‐drained fields. Avoid planting adjacent to other solanaceous hosts such as tomato and eggplant and non-‐solanaceous hosts such as cucumber, zinnia and wild cabbage, or adjacent to fields that were infected with early blight in the previous season, since these fields may serve as inoculum sources. Plant rows in an east-‐west direction and used wide row spacing, 36 inches, to reduce prolonged leaf wetness. Minimum two-‐year rotation without potatoes, tomatoes, or eggplants if severe outbreaks have occurred. Potato varieties differ in their susceptibility to early blight. Late maturing varieties are usually more resistant to early blight. See Section 6: Varieties. Plant phytosanitary certified seed. See Section 7.1: Seed sources. Drip irrigation or very early morning overhead irrigation, which will allow the leaves to be dry for long periods, is preferred. Allowing tubers to mature in the ground for at least two weeks after the vines die can reduce infection to tubers. Dig when the vines are dry. Avoid wounding tubers during harvest and post harvest operations. Plow under all plant debris and volunteer potatoes immediately after harvest. Examine tubers and discard infected tubers before storage. Periodically check stored tubers for disease symptoms. Environmental stresses such as drought and nitrogen and phosphorous deficiencies increase susceptibility to early blight. 302012
ORGANIC POTATO PRODUCTION At the time this guide was produced, the following materials were labeled in New York State for managing this pest and were allowable for organic production. Listing a pest on a pesticide label does not assure the pesticide’s effectiveness. The registration status of pesticides can and does change. Pesticides must be currently registered with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) to be used legally in NY. Those pesticides meeting requirements in EPA Ruling 40 CFR Part 152.25(b) (also known as 25(b) pesticides) do not require registration. Current NY pesticide registrations can be checked on the Pesticide Product, Ingredient, and Manufacturer System (PIMS website) http://pims.psur.cornell.edu/ (Reference 3). ALWAYS CHECK WITH YOUR CERTIFIER before using a new product. Table 12.3 Pesticides Labeled for Management of Early Blight Class of Compounds Product Name (active ingredient) BIOLOGICAL ActinoGrow (Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108) Actinovate AG (Streptomyces lydicus) MycoStop Mix (Streptomyces griseoviridis str. K 61) Mycostop Biofungicide (Streptomyces griseoviridis str. K61) Regalia Biofungicide Concentrate (Reynoutria sachalinensis) Serenade ASO (Bacillus subtilis) Serenade MAX (Bacillus subtilis) Sonata (Bacillus pumilis) BOTANICAL AND MINERAL OILS Organic JMS Stylet Oil (paraffinic oil) Sporan (rosemary, clove and thyme oils) Sporatec (rosemary, clove and thyme oils) Trilogy (hydrophobic extract of neem oil) COPPER Badge X2 (copper oxychloride, copper hydroxide) Basic Copper 53 (copper sulfate) Camelot O (copper octanoate) Product Rate PHI (days) 1-‐6oz/A foliar 0 1 or when spray has dried 3-‐12 oz/20-‐150 gal /A 0 1 or until solution is dry 7.6-‐30 oz/A as soil spray or drench 0.5-‐1 lb/ treated acre as band, in-‐furrow or side dress. 15-‐30 oz/a as soil spray or drench REI (hours) Efficacy Comments ? ? Foliar treatment. Reapply every 7-‐14 days. Use a spreader sticker. -‐ 4 ? Use at planting; no pre-‐harvest interval noted. Irrigate within 6 hours after soil spray or drench with enough water to move Mycostop into the root zone. Lightly incorporate furrow or band applications. -‐ 4 ? Irrigate within 6 hours after soil spray or drench with enough water to move Mycostop Biofungicide into the root zone. 2 – 4 qts 0 4 ? Apply every 5 – 7 days. 6 qts/A 1-‐3 lb/A 0 0 4 4 3 ? For suppression, begin applications of Serenade ASO or Serenade MAX soon after emergence and when conditions are conducive to disease development. Repeat on 5 to 7 day intervals or as needed. 2-‐4 qts/A 0 4 ? For suppression. Use higher rates and shorter application intervals under heavy disease pressure. May be combined with other fungicides to improve efficacy. 3-‐6 qts/100 gal water 0 4 1 3-‐6 quarts/A in 100 gal spray 1-‐2 pints/A in 100 gal spray 0.5-‐1% in 25-‐100 gal of water/A 0 0 ? 25(b) pesticide. Test Sporan on a small area of crop(s) before any large-‐scale application. 0 0 ? 25(b) pesticide. Applications should be made once the disease is observed. -‐ 4 ? Limited to a maximum of 2 lbs/acre/application. 0.5-‐1.75 lbs/A -‐ 48 2 Copper based products effective in 1/2 trials. In warm, wet weather, significant defoliation will occur. Copper can build up in the soil. 3-‐6 lb/A 0.5-‐2 gal/100 gal water applied at 50-‐Up to day of harvest Up to day of 24 2 4 2 312012
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