5773 - dbhbn ovrct2sxcB] TORAH U’MADDA - A DEFINITIONkt ohudc vru, ah '(j t vhscug) uag rvn vbuc,u oustn ohnfj h,sctvu s"vv 'ihnt, ohudc vnfj ah ost lk rnth ot 6.(y:c vfht) vru, iht ohudc vhrau vfkn ch,fs 'ihnt,ohudc vhrau vfkn v"s c varp vcr vfhtChazal made a distinction between ‘Chochmah’ and ‘<strong>Torah</strong>’. Chochmah exists in the non-Jewish world; <strong>Torah</strong> does not7. the ideal on which the institution [YU] was based and which it exemplified - the “synthesis” of <strong>Torah</strong> learningand Western culture that goes by the name of <strong>Torah</strong> U’Madda, or the study of sacred Jewish texts along withthe secular wisdom of the world at large.<strong>Torah</strong> U’madda, <strong>Rabbi</strong> Dr Norman Lamm, Introduction - page xi8. [Tertulian] - “What has Athens to do with Jerusalem. What agreement is there between Academy andChurch?” For this Latin Church father, the gulf between them was unbridgeable. This assertion is of one piecewith his famous statement credo quia absurdum est, that he believed because it was absurd. Suchantirationalism never found a warm and hospitable reception among classical Jewish thinkers.ibid p59. <strong>Torah</strong> U’madda denotes the synergistic interrelation of religious study and secular or profane knowledge.ibid p610. <strong>Torah</strong>, faith, religious learning on one side and Madda, science, worldly knowledge on the other, together offerus a more over-arching and truer vision than either one set alone. Each set gives one view of the Creator as wellas of His creation, and the other a different perspective that may not agree at all with the first ... Each alone istrue, but only partially true; both together present the possibility of a larger truth, more in keeping with thenature of the subject of our concern. Yet, they are given from One Shepherd (Kohelet 12:11).ibid p23611. <strong>Torah</strong> U’madda is thus an effort, not at all unprecedented in the history of normative Judaism, to expand thearea of religious interest to include all of creation, and to bring ... humanity’s cultural creativity and cognitiveachievements within the parameters of <strong>Torah</strong>.ibid p12C] TORAH U’MADDA - HISTORICAL PRECEDENTS<strong>Rabbi</strong> Lamm brings three precedents in Jewish history where <strong>Torah</strong> and secular ‘chochmah’ have been put together in asystematic way. None of these reflects precisely what he has in mind for TuM but each presents a different model foranalysis
5773 - dbhbn ovrct3sxc(a) Model 1 - Maimonides and the academies of Medieval Spainuxbfb vgcrt urnta unf xsrp u,ut ihtrue ohbuatrv ohnfja ov uktv ,umn anjca ukt oherp vgcrt hbhbgu 12.rnut hbtu 'ihhruc kg ohrcsv kf dhavku gshk jf ivc vhv okuf tk uhv ohkusd ohnfju uhv ktrah hkusda p"gtu 'xsrpkrtan ovc tmuhfu r,unvu ruxtv gshk tuv racu ojku 'racu ojk uxhrf tkn,ba hn tkt xsrpc khhyk hutr ihta,uhuuv iye rcsu vcfrn vagn kusd rcs ohnfj urnt hrva ohnfj i,ut utre iye rcs ukt ohrcsa p"gtu ',umnvv"cev ghpava vkusdv vcuyv ova sugu 'vkj, ost ka u,gs ihcahhn iva 'inhsevk iv ihhutr f"pgt 'tcru hhcts/rme ck kgcu cjr ck kgc vatu aht kusdu iye kfv ogsha raptu 'tcv okugv hhj kujbk hsf vzv okugv cuahhkdh vfkv s erp vru,v hsuxh ,ufkv o"cnrThe Rambam’s first book of the Mishna <strong>Torah</strong> is ‘Sefer HaMada’ - the book of ‘knowledge’. In it he defines entry intothe ‘Pardes’ - the esoteric wisdom of ‘Ma’aseh Bereishit’ and ‘Ma’aseh Merkava’ - as essentially the study of physicsand metaphysics. These, he describes, as a ‘great matter’ compared with the ‘small matter’ of learning gemara etc!ostk ihtu /xsrpc kuhy ohnfjv ihc treb uvzu 'ohbhn hrpx uhvh tka sckcu ',unfj rtac htretc sunkk r,un n"nu 13.,umnv hbhsu r,hvu ruxht gshk tuvu 'ihhu rac uxhrf tkna rjtk er xsrpc khhyks ;hgx unr inhx vgs vruh lurg ijkua tnrThe Rema rules like the Rambam - that ‘other chochmot’ are part of the system of Pardes!ocnrv tku tuv tk xsrp ,t utr tk kct /// ocnrv hrcsn tuv 14.jh ,ut oa trdv ruthcThe Vilna Gaon rejects this totally - for him the Pardes represents the mystical system of kabbala'vbnn .uj okugca vn kf cuzghu hutrf shn, vc vdaha sg ost ka uckc ,raeb v"cev ,cvt ihta rurcu gush rcs 15.ygn ygn ot vcvtv vhv, vgsv hp kgu 'uvgsha ,gsc tkt v"cev cvut ubht 'lapb kfcu lcck kfc rntu vuma unfaha jf hpf ubue ,t uk ohghsunv ,ubuc,u ,unfjc khfavku ihcvk unmg sjhk ostv lhrm lfhpk 'vcrv vcrv otu/vru,v hsuxh ,ufkvc ubrtca unf dhavku ihcvk ostcu vfkv h erp vcua, ,ufkv o"cnrAt the end of the Sefer HaMada, the Rambam writes that the study of natural sciences is an essential part of developingproper Ahavat HashemHowever, the Rambam’s model of secular learning is limited to philosophy, natural sciences and metaphysics. It is notclear what the Rambam would say concerning the study of the humanities - literature, fine art etc(b) Model 2 - Rav Hirsch and <strong>Torah</strong> Im Derech EretzRav Hirsch, in mid-19C Germany, developed an educational system of <strong>Torah</strong> im Derech Eretz which involved the studyof ‘culture’ - science, history, literature, poetry etc. See Part 1 for an analysis of how Rav Hirsch saw the interplaybetween ‘Derech Eretz’ and <strong>Torah</strong>. R. Lamm sees Rav Hirsch’s approach as one of coexistence between <strong>Torah</strong> andDerech Eretz, rather than synthesis.(c) Model 3 - Rav Kook - Mystical Synergy16. “The sacred must be established on the foundations of the profane. The Chol is the the chomer for theKodesh and the Kodesh is the tzura for it. The stronger the secular, the more significant the sacred”Rav A.I. Kook - Orot Hakodesh 1:127A strong theme in Rav Kook’s philosophy is the notion that the holy is developed and strengthened by the underpinning ofthe ‘profane’ or, rather, the ‘not-yet-holy’. N.B. In general, many of Rav Kook’s followers have not accepted his views onthe raising of chol studies to a level of kodesh (see also Rav Kook’s inaugural address at the opening of HebrewUniversity).In practice the views of his son Rav Tzvi Yehudah do not focus as much on secular studies and the ‘chardal’ (charedi datileumi) view on secular studies has become much the same as the general charedi view - i.e. largely <strong>Torah</strong> Only