Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM
Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM
Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM
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households reported access<strong>in</strong>g water from safe sources. Figure 38 looks at the distribution of householdsof persons with disability and of non-disabled regard<strong>in</strong>g access to dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g water based on the NDSA. Theresponses are similar for households with persons with disability and for non-disabled households. A largemajority of people <strong>in</strong> <strong>Afghanistan</strong> (74.3%) have to go outside the compound to fetch water. Nevertheless,households without any person with disability were proportionately higher (5.6% more) report<strong>in</strong>g hav<strong>in</strong>g togo outside the compound. If only a m<strong>in</strong>ority (6.8%) needed more than half an hour to fetch water, a smallproportion <strong>in</strong> rural areas (3.0%) required more than an hour and a half. Disability is not a significant factorof difference for access to dr<strong>in</strong>kable water between households. Less than 6% of both groups of householdsreceive their dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g water from a pipe supply. Another 23.6% obta<strong>in</strong> water from a public hand pump. One<strong>in</strong> four respondents receives dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g water from a river or stream, and another 15.8% from a spr<strong>in</strong>g. Thedifficulty <strong>in</strong> access<strong>in</strong>g clean and dr<strong>in</strong>kable water constitutes a threat for health. Households with persons withdisability are not particularly more at risk than households with no disabled members.Toilet Facilities: A Risk for HealthA very small proportion of people have access to flush toilet facilities <strong>in</strong> the house (7.6%). A large majorityof people use traditional types of latr<strong>in</strong>es, usually outside the house. Lack of hygiene, a direct consequenceof scarcity of water, can pose serious threats to health. The households of a majority of persons (53.2%) usea traditional open-backed latr<strong>in</strong>e. This is followed by 27.1% households mak<strong>in</strong>g use of an open defecationfield outside their houses. There is no significant difference <strong>in</strong> access to latr<strong>in</strong>es between households with aperson with disability to those without a person with disabilities as shown <strong>in</strong> Figure 39. As expected, Afghanshave more access to flushes for their natural needs <strong>in</strong> urban areas, while open fields are naturally more used<strong>in</strong> rural places.Access to safedr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g wateris absolutelyout of reach foralmost all thepopulation. Alarge numberrely upon naturalsources of waterFigure 39. Distribution of Households with Persons with Disabilityand Households without Persons with Disability Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Accessto Toilet Facilities60• Household of Persons with Disability• Household of Non-Disabled50403020100OpenBackedOpen DefecationField Outside theHouseTraditionalPitPrivate FlushInsidePrivate FlushOutsideShared FlushAs a conclusion, Afghan people have poor access to diversified food, sometimes even to a sufficient quantityof food. Access to safe dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g water is absolutely out of reach for almost all the population. A large numberrely upon natural sources of water. In case of drought, they are immediately at risk of shortage of water,sometimes lead<strong>in</strong>g to travell<strong>in</strong>g an entire day to f<strong>in</strong>d water. Lack of hygiene is a serious concern with regardto the way people deal with their natural needs.Size of the House: Overcrowded SpacesThe average size of a household is a little more than 8 people (8.24) liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the same house, under thesame roof, prepar<strong>in</strong>g food <strong>in</strong> the same kitchen, shar<strong>in</strong>g meals, <strong>in</strong>come and expenses as shown <strong>in</strong> Figure 40. Amajority of people (57.1%) live <strong>in</strong> a space of 1 to 3 rooms. Compared to the average size of a household, thisLivelihoods and Assets55