Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM

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Figure 37: Distribution of Active Persons with Disability and Non-DisabledAccording to Monthly Per Capita Income3025201510500 AFAs 100 to1000AFAs1100 to2000AFAsActive All Ages2100 to3000AFAs3050 to4000AFAs4050 to5500AFAs6000AFAs andmore302520151050Active Age 15-640 AFAs 100 to1000AFAs1100 to2000AFAs2100 to3000AFAs• Children with Disability• Non Disabled3050 to4000AFAs4050 to5500AFAs6000AFAs andmoreChildren withdisabilityinvariablycontribute tohousehold tasks,in the field or inother work. Itis gender morethan disabilitythat affectstheir choicesand especiallytheir accessto education.However, the mainconcern remainschild labourConclusions & RecommendationsTo Sum Up:• The Afghan labour market is characterised by a dominant agricultural sector, which employs the majorityof the Afghan work force. Men with disability are only a little more than a majority of working people.A large majority of women do not have income generating employment.• On the other hand, children with disability aged 6-14 do work: they are just as many as non-disabledchildren in all jobs except fieldwork. Almost half of them contribute to household tasks.• Persons with disability, when they participate in the labour market, are present in the same professionsas other Afghan workers. Yet, they occupy the most precarious positions: occasional workers, familyhelpers, etc. They also earn lower wages, especially women with disability.• Disabled men do not work due to their impairment. Finding the way to allow them to contribute to thefamily welfare by their activity is a step towards alleviation of poverty.• Access to employment for persons with disability is an effective way to fight poverty, reduce vulnerability,and strengthen social inclusion. Whenever a person contributes to the family welfare, his/her socialstatus within the family improves.Steps Ahead:Children’s WorkChildren’s work is common all over Afghanistan. Children with disability invariably contribute to householdtasks, in the field or in other work. It is gender more than disability that affects their choices and especiallytheir access to education. However, the main concern remains child labour, 36 children who are earning incomeoutside of the family circle and who are contributing to the running of the household. The NDSA, being ahousehold survey, does not provide results regarding street children in big cities, who are cut off from theirfamilies. Specific measures will be needed to adequately comprehend and tackle this issue.Promoting school for children is the best way to reduce child labour. However, it is a long process. By knowingto read and write, developing analytical skills and critical thinking, these children are more able to deal withtheir environment and get better working conditions in the future.Social Valorisation and Acceptance Through WorkIn a society where resources are scarce and living conditions are hard, access to remunerated activity remainsthe first factor towards changing age-old attitudes. This strongly challenges the belief that persons with36Publications and documents of the International Labour Office define child labour as both paid and unpaid work and activitiesthat are mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children. It is work that deprives them of opportunitiesfor schooling or that requires them to assume the multiple burdens of schooling and work at home and in other work places; andwork that enslaves them and separates them from their family. This is meant by child labour - work carried out to the detriment andendangerment of the child, in violation of international law and national legislation.50 Understanding the Challenge Ahead
disability are ‘unable’ to do something and must be ‘aided’. Contributing to the family allows them to gain astatus that they often lack; this, in turn, affects self-esteem.Whenever they are able to work and provide for themselves, persons with disability must be encouraged andsupported to do so. For men with amputations in far removed rural areas, artificial limbs can, in some cases,be the solution in order to work in the fields. Adequate training providing useful skills makes it possible forpersons with disability to apply for more stable jobs.Becoming a Contributing Member: First Step Towards SensitizationCampaigns of sensitization can modify the perception that a person with disability is a valuable member ofsociety. However, a campaign based on rights alone cannot be effective in changing age-old beliefs in thelong term. Helping persons with disability to access the labour market has an extensive effect on reduction ofpoverty: both persons with disability and their caretakers might work, leading to an increase in earnings andthus providing a way out of poverty. This also has a more lasting impact on the social perceptions of personswith disability as well as their self-perception.The Government of Afghanistan can Set the Example in this DirectionThe government has to show the way for the rest of the society. An obligation of employment, of at least5% of persons with disability in the public sector, if correctly and effectively enforced, is a strong impetustowards ensuring that persons with disability have an equal access to the labour market. However, going astep ahead would mean including persons with disability in mainstream labour market programmes (privateand public) and activities wherever it is possible, as a priority group. Persons with disability should also beoffered equal opportunities and full participation in programmes such as cash for work or food for work orthe National Solidarity Programme of Afghanistan, that aim to provide jobs in projects undertaken at thecommunity level. Promoting equal wages in the public sector and in the private formal sector is also a wayto set an example.Persons withdisabilityshould also beoffered equalopportunitiesand fullparticipation inprogrammes suchas cash for workor food for workor the NationalSolidarityProgramme ofAfghanistanEmployment of Afghans with Disability51
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Islamic Republic of AfghanistanUNDE
Page 5 and 6:
ContentsAcknowledgementsAbbreviatio
Page 8:
Figure 25 : Retention, Transition a
Page 11 and 12:
AbbreviationsAFAs : AfghanisBPHS :
Page 13 and 14:
PrefaceThe National Disability Surv
Page 15: IntroductionAs the process of recon
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1. Sampling Stages of NDSA1s
Page 20 and 21: A variety of subjects and fields ad
Page 22 and 23: • Beliefs and expectations of wha
Page 24 and 25: Prevalence Threshold with Regard to
Page 26 and 27: The proportion of persons with disa
Page 28 and 29: Mental disability shows a much more
Page 30 and 31: The effectiveprevalencerate of seve
Page 32 and 33: to a maximum of 37.4% unable to coo
Page 34 and 35: Table 3. Proportion of Persons with
Page 36 and 37: Table 4: Proportion of Persons with
Page 38 and 39: Figure 9. Distribution of Persons w
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12: Distribution of Persons
Page 42 and 43: Comparing the situation between mal
Page 44 and 45: Figure 17. Number of Visits to Heal
Page 46 and 47: Table 5: Yearly Average Expenses (A
Page 48 and 49: 32 Understanding the Challenge Ahea
Page 50 and 51: A crucial aspect that influences ac
Page 52 and 53: Table 6 highlights the advantage th
Page 54 and 55: Figure 26: Retention, Transition an
Page 56 and 57: to take this into consideration whe
Page 58 and 59: • Boys with physical disability a
Page 64 and 65: to others: usually they benefit fro
Page 70 and 71: According to NRVA 2003, poverty is
Page 72 and 73: means that the average living space
Page 76 and 77: Figure 46: Distribution of Househol
Page 80 and 81: The inability tobear children is am
Page 82 and 83: The situation is somewhat different
Page 86 and 87: 706050• Landmine/UXO Survivors•
Page 88 and 89: ConclusionInclusion is a major fact
Page 90 and 91: of persons with disability 48 . Thi
Page 92 and 93: GHOSH N., MOHIT A., MURTHY R.S. (20
Page 95: The National Disability Survey in A
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Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM

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