Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 32: Distribution of Persons with Disability and Non-Disabled Age 15-64 According to Employment Situation4540• Persons with Disability• Non-Disabled35302520151050WorkingHouseholdTasksLongDiseaseStudent/ScholarToo Old toWorkSeekingJobToo Young toWorkThe proportion ofearning membersin a householdis a relevantindicator ofvulnerability. Therisk of falling(back) intopoverty is lowerwhen more peopleare financialcontributorsThe employment rate is lower for persons with disability than for non-disabled in many countries, as is thecase in Afghanistan. The difference of level of employment between the two groups is statistically significant.The same observation goes for people in charge of household tasks. Disability impedes both professionalactivities and household tasks. In the first case, men are more concerned; in the second, women are inmajority. Moreover, 27.8% of persons with disability aged 15 to 64 cannot work inside or outside the housedue to severity of their health condition.The proportion of earning members in a household is a relevant indicator of vulnerability. The risk of falling(back) into poverty is lower when more people are financial contributors. Only a minority of households donot have anyone working. They rely on relatives outside the household for their subsistence and they are moreat risk of seeing their situation worsen in case of unexpected events (illness, natural disaster, etc). There isno significant difference between households with person with disability and households with non-disabledpersons. A large majority of both types of households reported having less than one fourth of their membersemployed. A higher proportion (62.6%) is observed among households with a person with disability than innon-disabled households (59.0%). This is an indicator of higher vulnerability to risks in the long term.Figure 33: Distribution of Persons with Disability and Non-DisabledAccording to Employment Ratio7060• Household of Persons withDisability• Household of Non-Disabled50403020100No One Less than 25% 25% to 50% 50% to 75%The ratio of employment in the household does not provide all the information about its level of vulnerability. Theexistence of women and children’s work also gives an indication on the level of welfare of the household.46 Understanding the Challenge Ahead
Activity level differs between men and women. The majority of persons with disability, who do not work due tothe severity of their condition, are men. Reasons for women not working are not directly linked to disability.In fact, Figure 34 shows that women aged 15-64, disabled or not, are very scarcely present in the labourmarket in income generating activities (only 9.0% are active). This is due to the fact that women are mostoften not allowed to go outside the house, especially for farming activities in the field. However, NDSA trendsshow that in urban centres, women more often participate in the labour market, especially when they are theonly ones to support their families after migration or death of husbands or fathers: 12.2% work and bringan income to the family.What is indisputable is the fact that women in Afghanistan are responsible for all household tasks: lookingafter children and elders, preparing meals, fetching wood and water if they are not too far, cleaning thehouse and the compound, etc. 90.0% of women aged 15 to 64 carry out all these tasks, which are physicallydemanding. In urban areas, only 77.3% do exclusively household related tasks, whereas in rural areas thisfigure is 89.9%. In urban areas, a few women are students, looking for a job or actually doing an incomegenerating activity; however these numbers remain very low.Figure 34: Distribution of Persons with Disability andNon-Disabled Age 15-64 According to Employment Situationand GenderWomen inAfghanistan areresponsible forall householdtasks: lookingafter children andelders, preparingmeals, fetchingwood and waterif they are nottoo far, cleaningthe house and thecompound908070• Women with Disability• Non-Disabled Women• Men with Disability• Non-Disabled Men6050403020100Working Not Working Household TasksThe employment situation is even worse for women with disability. Results show that the proportion ofwomen with disability who do not or cannot work at all and do not have the capacity to do household tasksusually carried out by women are 26.3% in urban settings and 24.7% in rural areas. This might, in turn, putat risk their chance of getting married, impact their position within the family and the community, and reducethe consideration that they have within Afghan society.Sometimes alongside household chores, women carry out an income-generating activity or a few agriculturaltasks: farming and herding livestock. Yet, in Pashto areas particularly, women are not allowed to farm andherd livestock. Therefore, the figure of 6.0% of non-disabled women working probably underestimates theexact level of activity of women, which remains very hard to assess.Type of EmploymentAround 35.7% of Afghans who report having employment, are owners, or have mortgaged the land theycultivate. Then come people having their own independent activity, who represent 18.6% of the activepopulation. Considered together, it appears that more than half of the working population is composedof self-employed people. 15.6% are contract workers 34 , which is a rather protected status as compared34A contract worker is usually employed with a contract and is paid on a regular basis. The contract can be written or can be a verbalagreement.Employment of Afghans with Disability47
Page 3 and 4:
Islamic Republic of AfghanistanUNDE
Page 5 and 6:
ContentsAcknowledgementsAbbreviatio
Page 8:
Figure 25 : Retention, Transition a
Page 11 and 12: AbbreviationsAFAs : AfghanisBPHS :
Page 13 and 14: PrefaceThe National Disability Surv
Page 15: IntroductionAs the process of recon
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1. Sampling Stages of NDSA1s
Page 20 and 21: A variety of subjects and fields ad
Page 22 and 23: • Beliefs and expectations of wha
Page 24 and 25: Prevalence Threshold with Regard to
Page 26 and 27: The proportion of persons with disa
Page 28 and 29: Mental disability shows a much more
Page 30 and 31: The effectiveprevalencerate of seve
Page 32 and 33: to a maximum of 37.4% unable to coo
Page 34 and 35: Table 3. Proportion of Persons with
Page 36 and 37: Table 4: Proportion of Persons with
Page 38 and 39: Figure 9. Distribution of Persons w
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12: Distribution of Persons
Page 42 and 43: Comparing the situation between mal
Page 44 and 45: Figure 17. Number of Visits to Heal
Page 46 and 47: Table 5: Yearly Average Expenses (A
Page 48 and 49: 32 Understanding the Challenge Ahea
Page 50 and 51: A crucial aspect that influences ac
Page 52 and 53: Table 6 highlights the advantage th
Page 54 and 55: Figure 26: Retention, Transition an
Page 56 and 57: to take this into consideration whe
Page 58 and 59: • Boys with physical disability a
Page 64 and 65: to others: usually they benefit fro
Page 66 and 67: Figure 37: Distribution of Active P
Page 70 and 71: According to NRVA 2003, poverty is
Page 72 and 73: means that the average living space
Page 76 and 77: Figure 46: Distribution of Househol
Page 80 and 81: The inability tobear children is am
Page 82 and 83: The situation is somewhat different
Page 86 and 87: 706050• Landmine/UXO Survivors•
Page 88 and 89: ConclusionInclusion is a major fact
Page 90 and 91: of persons with disability 48 . Thi
Page 92 and 93: GHOSH N., MOHIT A., MURTHY R.S. (20
Page 95: The National Disability Survey in A
show all

Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?