Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM

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Figure 9. Distribution of Persons with Disability andNon-Disabled Showing Anxiety and Depression Signs(These questions were only asked to persons over age 14)60• Persons with Disability • Non-Disabled50403020100Feel Sad/Cry Sit and Think Feel Oppressed Feel Suffocated Feel Angry/ResentfulBehaviouralproblems relatedto isolation aredescribed by aseries of itemscharacterisingspecific attitudes,linked to socialinteraction andacceptabilitywithin thecommunity ingeneralWithdrawal from the Rest of the WorldBehavioural problems related to isolation are described by a series of items characterising specific attitudessuch as: “difficulty expressing one’s needs”, “feeling uncomfortable with other people”, “difficulty keepingcalm”, “feeling scared when going out of the house for no particular reason”, “not going out of the house,feeling looked at by people” and “having repetitive, uncontrolled body movements”. These aspects are closelylinked to social interaction and acceptability within the community in general.Figure 10 shows that persons with mental and associated disability are the ones who have the most difficultywhen it comes to expressing needs and moving around within the community. Persons with physical disabilityhave the least difficulty in this field.For sensorial disability, the picture is different according to the types of impairment. As expected, peoplewith speech impairment are the ones unable to express their needs to others (84.1%) while the averageproportion is 23.5% for all types of disability. People with hearing impairment are the highest proportionamong all disabled faced with behavioural difficulties. Hearing-impaired people are also “not comfortablewith other people” and are the highest proportion to report problems regarding expression of needs.Figure 10: Distribution of People Reporting Difficulties Related toSocial Behaviour According to Main Types of Disabilities70• Physical Disability • Sensorial Disability • Mental Disability• Associated Disability • Epilepsy/Seizures6050403020100Difficulties toExpress WhatYou NeedFeelUncomfortablewith OthersDifficultiesKeeping CalmNot GoingOut/ScaredNot GoingOut/People LookHavingRepetitive BodyMovements22 Understanding the Challenge Ahead
These dimensions contribute to the overall well being of the person. It is obvious that persons with physicaldisability do seem to be more easily accepted, as they can express their needs more easily. For other categories,it is challenging to do this; as a result they may remain isolated.Reacting Violently to Outside SurroundingsThe violent attitudes that may take place in reaction to outside pressure are described by five specific itemssuch as: fits, physically violent behaviour towards others, verbally violent behaviour towards others, violentbehaviour towards oneself, fainting or passing out. These types of behaviour are closely related to the previoussection. They are often a result of frustration linked to the fact of not being able to get the message through:not being able to make oneself understood.Figure 11: Distribution of Persons with Disability Having ViolentReactions According to Main Types of Disability1009080706050403020100• Physical Disability • Sensorial Disability • Mental Disability• Associated Disability • Epilepsy/ SeizuresEpisodes of FitsPhysical ViolenceTowards OthersVerbal ViolenceTowards OthersSelf ViolenceFainting/PassingOutIt is clear that persons with physical and sensorial disability have far less violent reactions towards othersor towards themselves. It is the persons who have associated disability, who report a high proportion ofindividual episodes such as fits and fainting as well as violence towards oneself. On dimensions of violencetowards others, in addition to the associated disabilities there are persons with mental forms of disability. Asexpected, persons with epilepsy and other seizures report having experienced episodes of fits and faintingover the last six months.Communication DifficultiesIn order to assess the difficulty to communicate, six abilities are considered: “remember things”, “talk toothers”, “understand what people say”, “make oneself understood”, “hearing clearly”, and “seeing clearly”.Persons with sensorial, mental or associated disabilities are a significantly higher proportion to reportproblems regarding communication when compared to persons with physical disabilities. It is noticeablethat persons with mental forms of impairment (including associated disabilities) are a considerably higherproportion having difficulties related to memory. A majority of them have trouble talking to others. Personswith sensorial impairments having problems related to memory are probably older people, challenged withshort term memory loss.To summarise, when comparing the responses by categories of disability, it appears that the persons withmental disabilities and those with associated disabilities have the greatest difficulty, especially with regardto memory: 85.2% persons with mental disabilities and 74.1% persons with associated disabilities havememory difficulties. Similarly, persons with epilepsy/seizures report the least difficulty, with the exception,once more, of memory.Persons withsensorial, mentalor associateddisabilities area significantlyhigher proportionto report problemsregardingcommunicationand difficultiesrelated to memorywhen comparedto personswith physicaldisabilitiesThe Health Picture23
Page 3 and 4: Islamic Republic of AfghanistanUNDE
Page 5 and 6: ContentsAcknowledgementsAbbreviatio
Page 8: Figure 25 : Retention, Transition a
Page 11 and 12: AbbreviationsAFAs : AfghanisBPHS :
Page 13 and 14: PrefaceThe National Disability Surv
Page 15: IntroductionAs the process of recon
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1. Sampling Stages of NDSA1s
Page 20 and 21: A variety of subjects and fields ad
Page 22 and 23: • Beliefs and expectations of wha
Page 24 and 25: Prevalence Threshold with Regard to
Page 26 and 27: The proportion of persons with disa
Page 28 and 29: Mental disability shows a much more
Page 30 and 31: The effectiveprevalencerate of seve
Page 32 and 33: to a maximum of 37.4% unable to coo
Page 34 and 35: Table 3. Proportion of Persons with
Page 36 and 37: Table 4: Proportion of Persons with
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12: Distribution of Persons
Page 42 and 43: Comparing the situation between mal
Page 44 and 45: Figure 17. Number of Visits to Heal
Page 46 and 47: Table 5: Yearly Average Expenses (A
Page 48 and 49: 32 Understanding the Challenge Ahea
Page 50 and 51: A crucial aspect that influences ac
Page 52 and 53: Table 6 highlights the advantage th
Page 54 and 55: Figure 26: Retention, Transition an
Page 56 and 57: to take this into consideration whe
Page 58 and 59: • Boys with physical disability a
Page 64 and 65: to others: usually they benefit fro
Page 66 and 67: Figure 37: Distribution of Active P
Page 70 and 71: According to NRVA 2003, poverty is
Page 72 and 73: means that the average living space
Page 76 and 77: Figure 46: Distribution of Househol
Page 80 and 81: The inability tobear children is am
Page 82 and 83: The situation is somewhat different
Page 86 and 87: 706050• Landmine/UXO Survivors•
Page 88 and 89:
ConclusionInclusion is a major fact
Page 90 and 91:
of persons with disability 48 . Thi
Page 92 and 93:
GHOSH N., MOHIT A., MURTHY R.S. (20
Page 95:
The National Disability Survey in A
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Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM

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