Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM
Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM
Handicap International experience in Afghanistan - CBM
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• Difficulty or impossibility <strong>in</strong> keep<strong>in</strong>g quiet, talk<strong>in</strong>g all the time <strong>in</strong> presence of others or alone;• Violent behaviour regard<strong>in</strong>g oneself (bang<strong>in</strong>g head aga<strong>in</strong>st the wall, self mutilation, bit<strong>in</strong>g ownhand...).Section D: Communication and Social Function<strong>in</strong>g Disorder(l<strong>in</strong>ked to no identified reason)• Hav<strong>in</strong>g repetitive, stereotyped body movements (rock<strong>in</strong>g back and forth);• Show<strong>in</strong>g sudden and unpredictable physically violent behaviour towards other person (hitt<strong>in</strong>g, bit<strong>in</strong>g,scratch<strong>in</strong>g, spitt<strong>in</strong>g, pull<strong>in</strong>g hair...);• Show<strong>in</strong>g sudden and unpredictable verbally violent behaviour towards other person (abus<strong>in</strong>g, us<strong>in</strong>gfoul language constantly...);• Gett<strong>in</strong>g angry very easily, scream<strong>in</strong>g/yell<strong>in</strong>g without reason when touched.Section E: Epilepsy and Other Seizures 13• Fits/Seizures;• Epilepsy signs;• Fa<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g or pass<strong>in</strong>g out without reason.Figure 5: The Overall Typology• Physical Disability• Sensorial Disability• Mental Disability• Associated Disabilities• Epilepsy/SeizuresThe ma<strong>in</strong> type of disability reported <strong>in</strong> the NDSA was physical disability (36.5%), followed by sensorial forms(25.5%). It is important to note here that multiple physical or sensorial disabilities are <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> thesefigures.Mental disability and associated disability (more that one type of disability) account for similar proportions.Epilepsy and seizures seem to affect almost one person with disability out of five. However these estimatesare <strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e with the proportion found <strong>in</strong> other countries, which is roughly of 1% of the overall population.Look<strong>in</strong>g more closely at the physical disability category shows that over 46% physically disabled peoplehave multiple physical disability, followed by 29.0% of paralysed and 12.0% each for physical deformityand lack<strong>in</strong>g a limb.The sensorial disabled are divided between visual impaired (32.4%), hear<strong>in</strong>g impaired (25.2%) and speechimpaired (23.0%). Another 15.4% report hear<strong>in</strong>g and speech disability together.13For this section we proceeded with care. On the suggestion of an expert from Health Net <strong>International</strong>, Dr. Peter Ventevogel, we werecareful with regard to “‘pseudo-epilepsy’ (women who have attacks that somehow resemble epilepsy and are often also called ‘mergi’ butare conversions or, to use an abandoned word, hysterical attacks). This can be quite prevalent <strong>in</strong> rural areas.” As a result we focused uponhow these attacks impede and affect everyday function<strong>in</strong>g. We also were attentive to the duration of these attacks and the social sett<strong>in</strong>gsof their occurrence. Lastly we were cautious regard<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>in</strong>terpretation of results found <strong>in</strong> this category.Prevalence and Typology11