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Sartre's second century

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Sartre, Intentionality and Praxis 89<br />

Husserl's own version of transcendental idealism does not preclude the<br />

affirmation of an important contingency in our experience of the world of<br />

transcendent objects. Nevertheless, it is the de facto harmony of<br />

experience that represents the central focus of Husserlian phenomenology<br />

and that serves to justify the rigorous and "scientific" study of<br />

consciousness that is the distinctive feature of his transcendental<br />

philosophy.<br />

Additional episodes in Nausea concern the failure of language.<br />

Roquentin murmurs, "It's a seat":<br />

But the word stays on my lips; it refuses to go and put itself on the thing<br />

[...]. Things are divorced from their names. They are there, grotesque,<br />

headstrong, gigantic and it seems ridiculous to call them seats or say<br />

anything at all about them: I am in the midst of things, nameless things.<br />

Alone, without words, defenceless [...]. 10<br />

Such an account has affinities with the collapse of language that is<br />

depicted in Hugo von Hoffmansthal's "The Letter of Lord Chandos". 11<br />

While the early Sartre argues that Husserl's preoccupation with the eidetic<br />

structures of experience—structures that prefigure the essential and<br />

harmonious structures of experience—remains at a distance from an<br />

important stratum of intentional experience, we will note below a later,<br />

important revision made by Sartre regarding the role of language in<br />

consciousness's intentional life. Roquentin's paralysing "Chandos"<br />

experience will give way to an authentically intersubjective experience of<br />

language.<br />

Dialectical Phenomenology<br />

The radical givenness of the in-itself persists as a major theme of<br />

<strong>Sartre's</strong> reflections throughout his writings. Yet, whereas for the early<br />

Sartre consciousness literally exhausted itself in its intentional relation to<br />

the givenness of things, in Being and Nothingness the relationship between<br />

the in-itself and the for-itself becomes more complex. We might even say<br />

that, in its details, the intentional ontology of Being and Nothingness<br />

betrays significant duress and contortion.<br />

We are told in Being and Nothingness that the for-itself is the negation<br />

of the objects of consciousness's awareness. Yet Being and Nothingness<br />

addresses several dimensions of experience in which consciousness's<br />

10 Nausea, 125.<br />

11 Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Selected Prose, 133f.

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