they also did in that situation. It gives them a chance to redeem themselves too, ifthey choose to, without name-calling or condemnation or blaming from my side,which is a very precious gift to give to other people.And when the graves are opened, and the rotting, festering deeds <strong>of</strong> the pastare finally exposed to light and air, it then and only then becomes possible for meto confront the fear and surrender it to God. <strong>The</strong>n and only then does it becomepossible for me to act in the present without my action being a blind reaction to thepast. I no longer have to attempt to get revenge, to do something to “show them,”to brag and bluster, to close myself <strong>of</strong>f from other people to hide my shame, orwhatever the reactive responses are which I have been compulsively carrying out.[chapter 3, section II]<strong>The</strong>re is a word <strong>of</strong> warning here too. <strong>The</strong>re are those who would like to practicecensorship, and prettify the history <strong>of</strong> the Oxford Group and the life <strong>of</strong> FrankBuchman, or who would like to leave certain things out <strong>of</strong> the history <strong>of</strong> the rise <strong>of</strong>A.A. and the life <strong>of</strong> people like Bill Wilson. If we do this, we will destroy the power<strong>of</strong> forgiveness and redemption, and will defeat any possibility <strong>of</strong> transmitting ahigher God-consciousness and spiritual experience to other human beings, becausethe message we preach will no longer have the power to blow the mighty trumpetwhich opens up the graves <strong>of</strong> the past and brings the resurrection <strong>of</strong> the dead. Thatis, we will find ourselves no longer having the power to change the past, but will becompelled to repeat our old mistakes over and over forever.24
NOTES ON CHAPTER 4. CHANGING SOCIETYSocial problems are not the fault <strong>of</strong> “the system”Leon believed that it was a great mistake to think that social problems could becorrected by changing the whole system (the political system or the economic system)in fanatical fashion, or by passing punitive laws. Communists falsely believedthat everyone would be happy if only the capitalist system was destroyed, whileprohibitionists foolishly thought that alcoholism would cease to be a problem if lawswere only passed forbidding the sale <strong>of</strong> alcohol. But the true causes <strong>of</strong> class warfare,drunkenness, and so on, lay with individuals, not with society. An individual selfwhich has no real God-consciousness and is dominated by selfishness will pervertany system <strong>of</strong> government or laws. To change diseased institutions, we first had tochange diseased individuals. That was the route which the Oxford Group had decidedto follow by the end <strong>of</strong> the 1930’s. [chapter 4, section I]Childhood education and sexBut it was also true that we could alter the way we did certain things in humansociety in a fashion which would help produce changed individuals, starting withchildhood education and the whole matter <strong>of</strong> sex and marriage.Traditional education, both in the church and in the secular world, focusedon “the inculcation <strong>of</strong> fear.” Children were given mechanical rules to follow, andthreatened with punishment (even with eternal hellfire) if they broke any <strong>of</strong> theserules. <strong>The</strong>y were taught to fear their teachers and to regard them as perfect humanbeings who never broke the rules and never made mistakes. As a result, each childwould be turned into a chain <strong>of</strong> Karma, a chain which arose during early childhood,but whose series <strong>of</strong> interlinked selfish and fear-based reactions would decidethe course <strong>of</strong> that child’s whole subsequent life, all the way to adulthood and oldage.In changed education, however, teachers who had themselves undergone thekind <strong>of</strong> life-changing experiences which the Oxford Group taught, would sharewith the children. <strong>The</strong>y would not only share their God-consciousness, but alsowould admit to their own fallibility. From teachers such as these, children coulddevelop real personalities. [chapter 4, section II]On the issue <strong>of</strong> sex, Leon spoke against “sex impurity” without really explainingwhat he meant by the term. For the Oxford Group in general, this tended tomean homosexuality, transvestism, and masturbation, all <strong>of</strong> which they frequentlypreached against vociferously. Leon’s ideal was the kind <strong>of</strong> marriage which was apartnership between a man and a woman who had both surrendered their lives toGod. [chapter 4, section III]25
- Page 1 and 2: The Philosophyof Courageor The Oxfo
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I obey guidance to go and see a man
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foreseen or seen as I have represen
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AN ILLUSTRATIONBecause the checking
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IVTHE QUITE TIME AND THEH WORKING D
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NEED FOR AN ADEQUATE PSYCHOLOGY OF
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only to poets. But to judge from on
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For the first time passion or the r
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HEAVENWhat I have come to is Heaven
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For Heaven is now no longer a dream
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I am contiguous with other selves i
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IITHE STRATEGY OF THE LARGER SELFGO
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FEAR CONCEALS FEARNow the procedure
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exposure of the “universe.” Tru
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IIITHE STRATEGY AGAINST THE LARGER
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his own. The miracle of self-consci
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and then make him follow its course
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importance to the Company. However,
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of smugness, self-satisfaction and
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PREOCCUPATION WITH SYMPTOMSWhen “
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channel through which collective gu
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abyss and the area coincide. It is
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that need or greed, and not the cap
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VPOLITICAL SCIENCEUNCHANGED POLITIC
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VIPHILOSOPHY AND ARTTHE SINS OF THE
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DENYING THE SEPARATION BETWEEN THE
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A PERSONAL NOTEThe philosophy given
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the formation of sacred stereotypes