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c3 \~Ya»„¼L}4Qw‡nj½s¾¿R0b8e„g„¢dc ²8À 8KwÁÃÂd¾jc ¯8° U ®0¯8°8Ä„FpÅ8Æ6Ç YSÈL‚LQw‡“R8T„{0| ´ù úüûý þ0ÿdc¡ <strong>£</strong>¢8 <strong>¤</strong> <strong>¦</strong><strong>¥</strong> o]KwR0¨§¡©¨dc1.Ë:e0×hY ° ã]lmQp[Nc“JLO_î Û MLM_R0^0R0¨§¡©ÃfeÚ0ÌC DAÍ ¡ oa‚<strong>£</strong>_îE0^:`4JLcwR8¢Ãc]{:| oèR0b<strong>¤</strong> <strong>¦</strong><strong>¥</strong>3)JLKE0^:`I:Ð6JLK8qsr M<strong>¤</strong>~ƒLcw^:`dcwR¢8Û J~˜_Q Û MDrumix JfóGZãj½0ƒ‚PîwR:bdc¡~˜FPKJLK0½Pƒ:‚:q8‚6‡¢YÔ{„|hãjl4QPn:oUÃàpcN^L`:RZ¨Ã˜!VmQ¡ ¢: <strong>¥</strong>dc%&J~OpQ ‡œÛ<strong>¦</strong>k¡lcͨSRLJp˜R<strong>£</strong>:QPnPoÍJ_M20c\¡]N¨pS4¨çœèY<strong>¤</strong>g6c\]¡ ¢ <strong>£</strong> <strong>¤</strong> <strong>¥</strong> <strong>¦</strong> § ¨ © ¡ † † ! " # ‡% " & † ' ( ) * † + , - †$†.0/010201024<strong>36</strong>58702:90;06587020?0@‡A0B8C:D0E0F090;0GH:I4JLKNMPOPQSR0TVUWR0XZYL[]\_^:`8RZYaR:bdcfe8ghYjihkflmQLnpojqsrut8vdcwR8TxUyR0Xpz6{:|p}~QS€m_\:‚„ƒf…L†~Qw‡Nĥ‰NKSR0bmc]Š0‹pŒ:c]d0Ž }4QaR80‘“’ 2”a=0• w–L—dãM“^8`„Rdc6“š~›sœž0Ÿ8¡ Œ„JPc]R8b8e8g„¢<strong>£</strong>o“<strong>¤</strong>jƒ(i)<strong>¥</strong>R§<strong>¦</strong> ¨P›N©0cwª8«L¬N­:M (ii)®0¯„°8±8² c ²8³ M(iii) ´ ©fµ~“·d¸j¹~“¨0ºKNM_R0TÃf«p}~Q]e0g8¢(i) M (ii) c ²:³ YaÉ:ÊÃŽ]Ë~J Å0Æ“Ç„Ì <strong>¤</strong>ÍM G8Î cwR0TÓÏpÐ:Q]e0g8¢ÃcfÑÃYaÒ0Óp}QLnLoÔJ R„T0Õ8Ö8×YfØNÙL}4Qw‡ R8X8{8| ´ 8K M e8g“¢(iii) c ´ © ”SÚ8ÌLÛ“Ü QwÝPÞ0q:ß“©0c“àLYaá8âZãlmQpnpojJ“M8^:`8RÃcwähå6Œ Ûçæ oèähå6é Ûçæ YSê0Öp}~Qf‡ 32ë8ì cw^:`df«ç<strong>¤</strong>aƒNR0T0{:|hYSí~àPîo6nM“R0T:Õ0Ö0×hYNØ_Ùç<strong>¤</strong>]q8‚ ð F oÍñ:†Pƒ F0± Ròoèó~ôLcw^:`8Ròo]c MFCCõ„ö~Û 32.31 %÷0ø <strong>¤</strong>wîN‡ïA Method for Manipulating Pitch and Durationof Musical Instrument SoundsDealing with Pitch-dependency of TimbreTAKEHIRO ABE † , KATSUTOSHI ITOYAMA † , KAZUYOSHI YOSHII ‡ ,KAZUNORI KOMATANI † , TETSUYA OGATA † and HIROSHI G. OKUNO ††Dept. of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University‡ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)This paper presents a manipulation method that can generate musical instrument sounds with arbitrary pitchesand durations from a given musical instrument sound without distorting timbral characteristics. Based on the psychoacousticalknowledge on auditory effects of timbre, we define timbral features on the spectrogram of a musicalinstrument sound as (i) relative amplitudes of harmonic components, (ii) distribution of inharmonic components,and (iii) temporal envelopes of harmonic components. We use Itoyama’s integrated model to analyze timbral features.For pitch manipulation, we take into account the pitch-dependency of timbre by using a cubic polynomialthat approximates the distribution of features (i) and (ii) over pitches and predicting the values of each feature. Tomanipulate duration, we preserve feature (iii) in the attack and decay durations of a seed by expanding or shrinkingonly the steady duration. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of our method; the MFCC distancebetween synthesized sounds and real sounds of 32 instruments was reduced by 32.31 %.ˆ ‰6cM¨NPORQdKNM6t8vÃcw^:`¨Sm¨òœÍY4TL¨4<strong>¥</strong>~¨0c<strong>¤</strong> M_^:`4JLcwR0¢Ãcw{:|PÝ“R0bdc~˜ÛÌÆ*)ƒ:‚pQ <strong>£</strong>¢8 <strong>¤</strong> <strong>¦</strong><strong>¥</strong>~KrÔc<strong>¤</strong>(p¨Ë¨/¡0dcw{0|d<strong>£</strong>1wƒN^2:c°ÛóG~Jd˜]½<strong>£</strong>"NMW*#"NM4*Xf›ZYdcw^24YZ[±nS½}pQ\¡]NẅMj¹L¨N_M^6¨<strong>¦</strong>_0¨PAuqVàca^8`6RYSM<strong>¦</strong>ab¹4¨““MÃ<strong>¦</strong><strong>¦</strong>@e_qf`]cw^:`8R~J#~˜(PcN¸jMVd#XA> qf^:`8R <strong>£</strong>¢8 <strong>¤</strong> <strong>¦</strong><strong>¥</strong> o! #"N½mQ!$ C0D4Û¡%<strong>¦</strong>& ã]½:ƒ˜fƒ:‚pQ 1)∼3)‡'(~º,+a¨<strong>¤</strong>-pwó.§ã]½R0ZY Ú0Ì ã]lmQ Û M]^:`8R <strong>£</strong>¢8 <strong>¤</strong> <strong>¦</strong><strong>¥</strong>Û43¨5}~QS^pQpnpojJ“M¡TL¨4<strong>¥</strong>~¨0K¨g8cw^24Y0›0 h*X ›ZYd`dcw{:|d*1fƒNR0^¨67dc<strong>¤</strong>8pKpã~¾a9 Û Qmo@f+_¸4id<strong>¤</strong>aƒN^<strong>£</strong><strong>¤</strong>Zjdnpo Û Jd˜“Qf‡8k„îNM4U Ñq\#]:¡;ZãS½~Q]‡=ò¾acDrumix 2) JPK M ¨?¨@BA ¡ Ý<strong>¤</strong>wîw^28Þ§¾\#]_ẅRhY!m,nm<strong>¤</strong>ÍMZodcw^c¡~˜F4YaóG<strong>£</strong><strong>¤</strong>aƒ:‚pQf‡H„µPM_ÁÂþScw^:`8R1TL¨4<strong>¥</strong>~¨0K¨g8c#\#]VcÍ œèpã“k#q6k“qrV+Ô¨s4Yk


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