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Good Practice■ FURD, United KingdomIn the United Kingdom, FURDsupports the development offemale coaches by providingfunding to women who areinterested in obtaining coachingcertificates. The recruitment ofmore female coaches supportsthe continued progress anddevelopment of women’s sport.Similarly, it is important to createan environment that supportswomen’s desire to become involvedin coaching and recognisestheir achievements.www.furd.orgsame stereotypes when it comes to boys’involvement in traditionally female sports? Isthere also a gender gap as regards the suitabilityof boys for gymnastics, dance, volleyball,etc.? Further research is necessary todiscover the male side of gender discriminationin sport.Shortage of female coachesWomen are under-represented in coachingpositions. Girls often relate better to womenas mentors and role models, and femalecoaches also have the potential to weakenexisting stereotypes among boys (see thesection entitled “Boys are a major part of thesolution”).The limited number of female coaches forteam sports is a major barrier preventingyoung girls from participating in sport. In Italy,for instance, it was observed that while afemale football coach was present at a particularclub, the number of girls joining the clubsteadily increased. In contrast, a decline infemale participation was seen in subsequentyears, owing to a lack of female coaches.In Turkey, women athletes are completelyunder-represented in sport, and football inparticular. “In professional sports, only 2% ofathletes are women, but if we exclude football,that figure increases to 27%. The majorissue is physical and psychological violencefrom the trainer and coach. This needs to beaddressed by ensuring that more women trainersare in place to encourage families toallow their children to play sports.” 33Influential role modelsRole models can play a major part in promotingaccess to sport and development within it.“Sport helps to empower girls and womenbecause it changes attitudes. It helps femalecompetitors to realise their own potential andmakes others see them in a new light.■ “When a female athlete triumphs,she often becomes a role modelfor her family, her community oreven her country.” 34Anita DeFrantzΣ 1,233 pupilsN89%1G83%N71%2G81%?Do you play sportoutside of school?1G2G69%65%Chart 3.05: Double discrimination against girls from a migrant background33Interview with Turkish expert Canan Koca Arıtan, December 201234Anita DeFrantz, Chairwoman of the IOC’s Women and Sport Commission.18KING BAUDOUIN FOUNDATIONDISCRIMINATION IN SPORT
45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%NoNo teamsCoachesfacilitiesnot nice(changingrooms,pitch,etc.)Parentsdon'tallow itWhy don’t you play sport outside of school?Σ 252 pupilsFriendsDon't feelNot goodDon't likedon't playgoodenoughsportsChart 3.06: Reasons for not playing sport outside school; breakdown by genderRespondents were asked if they have asporting hero. The results show that 72% ofboys have a sporting hero, compared with52% of girls. Those percentages are correlatedwith the likelihood of boys and girls wantingto become professional athletes: 59% ofboys want to become a professional athlete,compared with 34% of girls. The differencebetween the genders in both questions ishighly significant (Chart 3.04). 35The responses were just as revealing whenrespondents were asked to name theirsporting hero. Two football players – LionelMessi (16%) and Cristiano Ronaldo (11%) –dominated the list, and the top six sportingheroes, who accounted for 37% of all answers,were all male. The results also showed thatgirls were more likely than boys to name aperson close to them, such as their coach or arelative. 36Double discriminationway behind the starting line. Our researchshows that coming from a migrant backgroundis also a limiting factor and is oftencorrelated with lower economic status.Therefore, girls from a migrant backgroundare discriminated against twice over: theyhave a lower rate of participation in sportsthan boys (18 percentage points lower), whichfalls further (another 6 percentage points) ifthey come from a migrant background (Chart3.05).The lack of changing rooms as a barrierExperts saw sports facilities without separateshowers and changing areas as a major barrierto access sport. Girls do not feel comfortablebeing in the same area as boys in thesesit-uations once they have begun puberty. Nothaving separate changing rooms is consiereda barrier to access for many sports, butespecially football and basketball, as highlightedby Italian project officers.Good Practice■ Public swimming pools,NetherlandsPublic swimming pools haveintroduced time slots whenthe swimming pool is open onlyto female swimmers, allowinggirls to swim in bathing suitsand suitable clothing in a nonthreateningenvironment.Many factors can contribute to children notparticipating in, or dropping, sports and physicalactivity. Low-income families, womenand girls, and overweight people begin someHowever, the survey results as regards theimportance of appropriate facilities (changingrooms, pitches, etc.) as a reason for girls’inactivity outside of school were surprising.Only 12% of girls listed a lack of facilities as35The difference between the percentage of boys and girls that have a sporting hero is highly significant(1% confidence level), as is the difference between the percentage of boys and girls wanting to becomeprofessional athletes.36When asked to name her sporting hero, one clever girl responded: “Why do you want to know?You don’t know him. He’s my coach!”DISCRIMINATION IN SPORTKING BAUDOUIN FOUNDATION19
- Page 1 and 2: inationin SportComparative Study on
- Page 3 and 4: Executive summaryThis study was com
- Page 5 and 6: 12% of girls (compared with 19% of
- Page 7 and 8: ForewordIs there still evidence now
- Page 9 and 10: ContentsExecutive SummaryiForewordv
- Page 11 and 12: 1. IntroductionThis study examines
- Page 13 and 14: 1.2. Our approachQualitative and qu
- Page 15 and 16: LimitationsThe target group of chil
- Page 17 and 18: 2. Discrimination in sportbased on
- Page 19 and 20: Have you ever been insulted by anot
- Page 21 and 22: One possible solution is to forcibl
- Page 23 and 24: Our interviews with experts and pro
- Page 25 and 26: 3. Discrimination in sportbased on
- Page 27: school, boys were seen as being str
- Page 31 and 32: 4. Regional differences interms of
- Page 33 and 34: Why don’t you play sports outside
- Page 35 and 36: Scene 1 - Discrimination based on s
- Page 37 and 38: 5. RecommendationsThe study provide
- Page 39 and 40: 3 Promote women and 4 Create equiva
- Page 41 and 42: ResearchersThis study has contribut
- Page 43: NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONSProvi
- Page 46 and 47: Name Organisation CountryProf. Gunt
- Page 48 and 49: King Baudouin FoundationWorking tog
Good Practice■ FURD, United KingdomIn the United Kingdom, FURDsupports the development offemale coaches by providingfunding to women who areinterested in obtaining coachingcertificates. The recruitment ofmore female coaches supportsthe continued progress anddevelopment of women’s sport.Similarly, it is important to createan environment that supportswomen’s desire to become involvedin coaching and recognisestheir achievements.www.furd.orgsame stereotypes when it comes to boys’involvement in traditionally female sports? Isthere also a gender gap as regards the suitabilityof boys for gymnastics, dance, volleyball,etc.? Further research is necessary todiscover the male side of gender discriminationin sport.Shortage of female coachesWomen are under-represented in coachingpositions. Girls often relate better to womenas mentors and role models, and femalecoaches also have the potential to weakenexisting stereotypes among boys (see thesection entitled “Boys are a major part of thesolution”).The limited number of female coaches forteam sports is a major barrier preventingyoung girls from participating in sport. In Italy,for instance, it was observed that while afemale football coach was present at a particularclub, the number of girls joining the clubsteadily increased. In contrast, a decline infemale participation was seen in subsequentyears, owing to a lack of female coaches.In Turkey, women athletes are completelyunder-represented in sport, and football inparticular. “In professional sports, only 2% ofathletes are women, but if we exclude football,that figure increases to 27%. The majorissue is physical and psychological violencefrom the trainer and coach. This needs to beaddressed by ensuring that more women trainersare in place to encourage families toallow their children to play sports.” 33Influential role modelsRole models can play a major part in promotingaccess to sport and development within it.“Sport helps to empower girls and womenbecause it changes attitudes. It helps femalecompetitors to realise their own potential andmakes others see them in a new light.■ “When a female athlete triumphs,she often becomes a role modelfor her family, her community oreven her country.” 34Anita DeFrantzΣ 1,233 pupilsN89%1G83%N71%2G81%?Do you play sportoutside of school?1G2G69%65%Chart 3.05: Double discrimination against girls from a migrant background33Interview with Turkish expert Canan Koca Arıtan, December 201234Anita DeFrantz, Chairwoman of the IOC’s Women and Sport Commission.18KING BAUDOUIN FOUNDATIONDISCRIMINATION IN SPORT
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