1fvxXm4
1fvxXm4 1fvxXm4
?In general, do you think boys are betterthan girls at maths?3 3 725%18%Σ 1,233 pupils9%Chart 3.02: Who is stronger at maths?favoured. Running (25% versus 23%), swimming(27% versus 21%) and cycling (20%versus 26%) are equally appealing to girlsand boys.Social conditioning and gender roles startat a very young age. Teachers and coachesoften perceive gender differences in sports asnatural and may even enforce them. Thesedifferences are broadly accepted in society,as one German expert explained:■ “Girls are regarded as ‘not feminineenough’ if they play football.” 30Stereotypes still existMichel WieviorkaThroughout history, girls and boys have beenseparated into stereotyped categories. At?Do you think that any of these sportsare not suitable for girls?SwimmingGymnastics GymnasHcs TennisVolleyball CyclingBike SkiingFootballBasketballJudo/Karate ate Boxing0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%Σ 1,233 pupilsBoysGirlsChart 3.03: Suitability of sports for girls; breakdown by gender30Interview with French expert Michel Wieviorka, 28 August 2012.16KING BAUDOUIN FOUNDATIONDISCRIMINATION IN SPORT
school, boys were seen as being stronger atmaths, while girls preferred languages. Butdo these stereotypes still exist?The pupils in the survey were asked: “Do youthink that boys are better than girls at maths?”A total of 18% of respondents agreed. However,when the answers are broken down bygender, a major gap appears: 25% of boys andonly 9% of girls still believe in boys’ naturalsuperiority in this area (Chart 3.02).Boys are a major part of the solutionThe gender gap is even more obvious when itcomes to sport. The pupils were asked: “Doyou think that any of the sports are not suitablefor girls?” The results showed that 40% ofmale respondents believe that boxing is notsuitable for girls, compared with 26% offemale respondents. Similarly, 16% of boysthink judo and karate are not appropriate forgirls, while only 8% of girls concur.The research shows that, across all sports,boys were more likely than girls to indicatethat sports were “not suitable for girls”. Thisgender gap is significant, or even highlysignificant, for most sports. 31 These findingsshow that, even at such a young age, twice asmany boys than girls think that certain sportsare not suitable for girls (Chart 3.03).This gender gap is especially critical duringtransitional periods such as puberty. If theopposite sex does not value the physicalactivities in question, there is a high probabilityof those activities being dropped. This issupported by research indicating a sharpdrop in physical activity between the agesof 9 and 15, with stronger declines for girlsthan boys. 32Our research focused on girls’ access tosport, as this was identified as a major barrier.However, to get the full picture of genderdiscrimination, it is necessary to study thebarriers for boys as well. Do girls have theGood Practice■ Football Associationof NorwayThe Football Association ofNorway has led the way as regardssports organisations by electinga woman to its executive board.Quotas in Norway allowed KarenEspelund to be elected to itsboard, and she has since goneon to be the first woman to sit onthe UEFA Executive Committee.www.spiegel.de? ?Do you have asporting hero?Do you want tobecome aprofessionalathlete?52%72%Σ 1,233 pupils34%59%Σ 713 pupilsChart 3.04: The influence of role models; breakdown by gender31For sailing, skiing, boxing, judo and karate, the difference is significant (5% confidence level); for basketball,swimming, volleyball, gymnastics and football, it is highly significant (1% confidence level).32Nike, Designed to Move: A Physical Activity Action Agenda, 2012, Page 6.DISCRIMINATION IN SPORTKING BAUDOUIN FOUNDATION17
- Page 1 and 2: inationin SportComparative Study on
- Page 3 and 4: Executive summaryThis study was com
- Page 5 and 6: 12% of girls (compared with 19% of
- Page 7 and 8: ForewordIs there still evidence now
- Page 9 and 10: ContentsExecutive SummaryiForewordv
- Page 11 and 12: 1. IntroductionThis study examines
- Page 13 and 14: 1.2. Our approachQualitative and qu
- Page 15 and 16: LimitationsThe target group of chil
- Page 17 and 18: 2. Discrimination in sportbased on
- Page 19 and 20: Have you ever been insulted by anot
- Page 21 and 22: One possible solution is to forcibl
- Page 23 and 24: Our interviews with experts and pro
- Page 25: 3. Discrimination in sportbased on
- Page 29 and 30: 45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%NoNo te
- Page 31 and 32: 4. Regional differences interms of
- Page 33 and 34: Why don’t you play sports outside
- Page 35 and 36: Scene 1 - Discrimination based on s
- Page 37 and 38: 5. RecommendationsThe study provide
- Page 39 and 40: 3 Promote women and 4 Create equiva
- Page 41 and 42: ResearchersThis study has contribut
- Page 43: NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONSProvi
- Page 46 and 47: Name Organisation CountryProf. Gunt
- Page 48 and 49: King Baudouin FoundationWorking tog
?In general, do you think boys are betterthan girls at maths?3 3 725%18%Σ 1,233 pupils9%Chart 3.02: Who is stronger at maths?favoured. Running (25% versus 23%), swimming(27% versus 21%) and cycling (20%versus 26%) are equally appealing to girlsand boys.Social conditioning and gender roles startat a very young age. Teachers and coachesoften perceive gender differences in sports asnatural and may even enforce them. Thesedifferences are broadly accepted in society,as one German expert explained:■ “Girls are regarded as ‘not feminineenough’ if they play football.” 30Stereotypes still existMichel WieviorkaThroughout history, girls and boys have beenseparated into stereotyped categories. At?Do you think that any of these sportsare not suitable for girls?SwimmingGymnastics GymnasHcs TennisVolleyball CyclingBike SkiingFootballBasketballJudo/Karate ate Boxing0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%Σ 1,233 pupilsBoysGirlsChart 3.03: Suitability of sports for girls; breakdown by gender30Interview with French expert Michel Wieviorka, 28 August 2012.16KING BAUDOUIN FOUNDATIONDISCRIMINATION IN SPORT
Change language