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20' PITENTRANCE L-l. ", ...,\ '-'-~v:------ \ ,\ \ ,\ ...... -.... ;'\ \_.-- ',....--1 LOWER LEVEL\ I\ \ .",,,"-', /1'\, " , PASSAGES'-,I\'" :....-------" \ ,II,~.r>,7"~MAIN PASSAGE - PIT~ DROPS T~OUGHBREAKDOWN TOLOWER LEVELr,.LoF! _ 20 ~O 100 FT.o 10 20 30 M.e.-.- !CUEVA DEL DIABLOMUNI CIPIO DE SABINAS HIDALGO, N. L.SKETCHMAP BY JIM MEADDRAFTED BY DON ERICKSON, 20 MARCH 1967AMCS
HISTOPLASMOSIS91In 1906 an organism, Histoplasma capsulatum, was discoveredand named; and the accompanying disease was called Histoplasmosis.It was originally thought to be a protozan but later proved to be afungus. Further studies of the organism did not take place until1934. Much research is needed before the fungus and its effects aare sufficiently understood.Histoplasmosis is very common in the Ohio and MississippiRiver Valleys and in the eastern and central United States. Thefungus lives in bird, especially pigeon and starling, dung andchicken dung as well as bat guano and other soils with high organiccontent. Indications are that it will not grow in dry, dusty soil.The fungus is circumglobal in distribution. It is estimated that30 million persons now living have had Histoplasmosis and one-halfmillion new infections occur yearly in the United States. The deathrate is very small, because all but a small percentage of thesepersons develop an effective degree of immunological resistance veryearly in the disease.Histoplasma ca~sulatum belongs to the group of fungi calledFungi ImperfectI.t is dimorphic, growing as a filamentous mold inthe soil and as a yeast in animal and human hosts. In the soil itsends out hyphae which produce chlamydospores. These are theinfecting agents. They are airborne and are distributed to the dryparts of the cave where they are picked up by inhalation. They getinto the lungs and germinate, producing a yeast-like asexual stagein which the fungus is in individual, small, spherical, budding,thick-walled cells 3 to 5 microns in diameter. These grow mainly inthe alveoli of the lungs, where they are frequently walled off byprotective calcifying agents; i.e. the same mechanism that wards offtuberculosis, though many people have positive tests for TB. Ifthis fails the yeast cells invade the spleen, liver, and bone marrowand can cause death.Infection is frequently recurring, usually in a mild form.Sometimes it spreads rapidly causing severe illness or death. Themajority of the infections remain entirely asymptomatic, and mostof the rest are mild, during which time an effective degree ofimmunological resistance develops. Most of these cases are neverdiagnosed as histoplasmosis, and spontaneous cure results with noneed for therapy other than general supportive measures. Even whenmore severe, the outlook is usually good. Symptoms appear withinfive to eighteen days after exposure.The mycosis is characterized by irregular fever, emaciation,leukopenia, anemia, and splenomegaly. There may also be papular orUlcerative skin and mucous membrane lesions. It is diagnosed bythe demonstration of the fungus in mucous membrane smears, in theblood system, in bone marrow, and by skin tests.Amphotericin B (Fungizone) is an antifungal antibiotic usefulin treatment of many mycotic infections. It is produced by a strainof strePto~ces nodosus. Fungizone is the most satisfactory treatmentfor h~toplasmosis. It is administered intravenously for anaverage of three months. Use of the drug, however, is obviouslylimited to severe cases.Barbara HershbergerAustin, Texas
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THE ASSOCIATION FORMEXICAN CAVE STU
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de T1amaya the deepest surveyed cav
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and is about 200 feet long. It is p
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Modesto G6mez Saldivar, 1898-1966Mo
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JOHN WILLIAM FRANCIS HARRISONBORN B
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have been found even at Harrison's
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Note: This is the first of a series
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it has rained three and four inches
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The Deep Caves or the Western Hemis
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THE ASSOCIATION FORMEXICAN CAVE STU
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Persons: Ed Alexander, Bob Burnett,
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go north of Galeana to Ranchero Sou
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26Persons: Chip Carney and Don Eric
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=::::::?------------I.r-L6-\. MUD S
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Sandy-floored passage in S6tano de
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slopes, made difficult by the thin
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Persons: Faye Chapman I Jonathan Da
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a rutted road. On the other side of
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Entrance to S6tano de San Antonio.
Page 43 and 44: totENTRANCEo 30FEET60 90iCUEVA DETL
Page 45 and 46: contained a long, steep talus slope
Page 47 and 48: Entrance to Cueva del Salitre.Photo
Page 49 and 50: On July 12 I had an hour's intervie
Page 51 and 52: THE ASSOCIATION FORMEXICAN CAVE STU
Page 53 and 54: One of the many Santa Fe dirt sinks
Page 55 and 56: 330 feet. At the bottom along one s
Page 57 and 58: species of milliped of a group not
Page 59 and 60: secondary opening one-third of the
Page 61 and 62: After a perusal of our topo maps th
Page 64 and 65: HUAUTLA DE JIMENEZ, OAXACAAREA SKET
Page 66 and 67: 11. Pit just down hill from pit 10.
Page 68 and 69: 21. SOTANO DE SAN AGUSTIN - This s6
Page 70 and 71: LOWERENTRANC.EPROI="ILEuppeR£NTRAN
Page 72 and 73: RECENT PAPERS ON MEXICAN CAVE BIOLO
Page 74 and 75: here from Gruta del Palmito, Nuevo
Page 76 and 77: THE ASSOCIATION FOR MEXICAN CAVE ST
Page 78 and 79: View north along valley of the Inte
Page 80 and 81: Typical fissure passages in S6tano
Page 82 and 83: valley below the resurgences were d
Page 84 and 85: point on, green mosses cover the wa
Page 86 and 87: Persons: John Fish, David McKenzie,
Page 88 and 89: Buena la dozen eager guides led us
Page 90 and 91: los Riscos (see sketch map on page
Page 92 and 93: Persons: Jim and Barbara Hershberge
Page 96 and 97: Editor's Note: The following propos
Page 98 and 99: permanent river in the area is the
Page 100 and 101: Develop the cavern and an access to
Page 102 and 103: OF THEPROPOSEDPARQUE NACIONAL DE LA
Page 104 and 105: 100area, was rather surprising, sin
Page 106 and 107: 1.2.3.4.5.6.MEXICAN CAVE BIOLOGY:AN
Page 108 and 109: 15.16.17.18.19.Reddell" James R. 19
Page 110 and 111: THE ASSOCIATION FORMEXICAN CAVE STU
Page 112 and 113: 107NEWSNOTESTABLE OF CONTENTSTRIP R
Page 114 and 115: 109CAVEMAPSDuring the past six year
Page 116 and 117: 111CAVES OF GUERRERO AND MORELOSJOH
Page 118 and 119: 113in the volcanic detrital deposit
Page 120 and 121: 115CAVE DESCRIPTIONSGRUTA DE ACUITL
Page 122 and 123: 117CUEVA DE CARLOS PACHECOcavecavec
Page 124 and 125: 119CUEVA DEL DIABLOLocation:Descrip
Page 126 and 127: 121References:levels. The entrance
Page 128 and 129: 123decorated passage which extends
Page 130 and 131: 125collections by Stanley Kiem (Loo
Page 132 and 133: 1279.10.11.12.13.14.caves or cave-l
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Page 138 and 139: 131TABLE OF CONTENTSNEWS NOTES. ...
Page 140 and 141: NENCINO - JULILO ROADSSOTANO DE SAN
Page 142 and 143: FEETo100SOTANO DE LA JOYAJOYA DE SA
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137had not been checked was followe
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139a high mountain karst area with
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-SaltilloMonter..SKETCHMAPofCA~ON D
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143another 15 miles before we turne
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ENTRANCE Q~\\F~\~.~ ..~~-.~~~O~v'\.
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147S6tano de las Ra!ces lon the sam
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149and color motion pictures. The f
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151ground in the area. (See photogr
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ENTI'ANCEGRUTADENAVIDADMUNICIPIO DE
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155NOTES ON THE EXPLORATION OF SOTA
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157obtain a rough idea of how many
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159Grutas de Mogote, located one mi
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161Past the first large room (appro
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163-749 feet. The left-hand passage
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165it looked a good 300 feet deep.
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167was. Almost 2 hours were require
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Haarr, Allan P. 50 Clover Dr Delmon
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171Young, sam and Diane 474 lOth Av
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173RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE KNOWLEDG
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175large horizontal passage about 1
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177S6tano de Huitzmolotitla, with a
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AreaNorth ofMonterreySouth ofMonter
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182BIOLOGYSECTIONMEXICAN CAVE BEETL
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184from Canada to Oaxaca, but only
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INDEXVOLUME1966II
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187Cantabroniscus primitivus isopod
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189Hooton, Diana 6:149-154Hosley, B
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191pictographs 5:121Pinal de Amo1es
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193from La Si11eta looking eas~)f.
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