Nepal Elephant TB Control and Mgt Action Plan.pdf - Elephant Care ...

DefinitionsAtypical mycobacteria: see non-tuberculous mycobacteriaCulture posi!ve for M. tb complex: Isola!on and iden!fica!on of M. tuberculosis complex organismsfrom any body site using standard mycobacterial methods.Culture posi!ve (M. tb complex) elephant: An elephant from which a M. tuberculosis complex organismhas been isolated. A culture posi!ve elephant is considered posi!ve un!l it has met the treatmentrequirements as outlined in this document.Dual Path Pla"orm (DPP) Vet ® TB test: A field test used to confirm Elephant TB Stat-Pak ® test results.The DPP Vet ® TB test detects an!bodies to specific TB an!gens. Elephants that are reac!ve on the ElephantTB Stat-Pak ® and react on line 2 or lines 1 and 2 of the DPP Vet ® TB test are considered TB-infectedbased on current scien!fic data (Greenwald et al. 2009). Infected elephants may or may not be sheddingTB at the !me of tes!ng. The test was developed by Chembio Diagnos!c Systems Inc (Medford, NY, USA).Elephant TB Stat-Pak ® test: A qualita!ve screening test for TB in elephants which detects an!bodies toM. tuberculosis and M. bovis in elephant sera, plasma or whole blood. During development, the Stat-Pakwas referred to as the “RT” or “Rapid Test.” The Elephant TB Stat-Pak ® test is a USDA-approved product.(See Lyashchenko et al. 2005, Lyashchenko et al. 2006, Greenwald et al. 2009).Exposed: An elephant that 1) has had direct contact (touching or shared air space) with a known TBinfectedelephant or human or 2) that has been kept in a stall adjacent to an infected elephant or which3) has had any other close associa!on with an infected elephant or human.Genotyping assay: A technique for the iden!fica!on and analysis of polymorphism in certain types ofrepeat units in DNA. Restric!on fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and variable number tandemrepeat (VNTR) are examples of genotyping techniques.Incidence: The rate at which a certain event occurs, for example, the number of new cases of a specificdisease occurring during a certain period.Herd: A group of elephants maintained on common ground. Alterna!vely, two or more groups of animalsunder common ownership or supervision that are geographically separated, but that may have aninterchange or movement of animals or personnel (such as elephants owned by DNPWC).Loop-mediated isothermal amplifica!on (LAMP): A nucleic acid amplifica!on assay that has been usedto detect TB in human pa!ents in Nepal (Pandey et al. 2008).