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A Tool for Work ng w th Web Ontolog es The Swoop change annotations can be published and retrieved by Annotea servers or any other annotation distribution mechanism. The retrieved annotations can then be browsed, filtered, endorsed, recommended, and selectively accepted. It is thus possible to define “virtual versions” of an ontology, by specifying a base ontology and a set of changes to apply to it. This is a fairly new addition to Swoop, and we are just beginning to explore the implications of change tracking, coupled with annotations for the development of large, curated ontologies by collaborative groups of scientists or other ontology definers. Conclusion We have built a Web (ontology) browser and editor, Swoop, which takes the standard Web browser as the UI paradigm, believing that URIs are central to the understanding and construction of Semantic Web ontologies. The familiar look and feel of a browser emphasized by the address bar and history buttons, navigation side bar, bookmarks, hypertextual navigation, and so forth are all supported for Web ontologies, corresponding with the mental model people have of URI-based Web tools based on their current Web browsers. All design decisions are in keeping with the OWL nature and specifications. Thus, multiple ontologies are supported easily, various OWL presentation syntaxes are used to render ontologies, and an OWL reasoner can be integrated for consistency checking. A key point in our work is that the hypermedia basis of the UI is exposed in virtually every aspect of ontology engineering — easy navigation of OWL entities, comparing and editing related entities, search and cross-referencing, multimedia support for annotation, and so forth — thus allowing the Swoop user to take advantage of the Web-based features of OWL significantly more easily than the user of other ontology-editing tools. In this chapter, we discuss some of the key issues that our work in Swoop has identified as being important in Web ontology tools. Topics we are currently exploring, not yet implemented in Swoop, are dealing with the ad hoc modification of ontologies by one or more users working on the ontology over time. These are issues exploring the editing of imported ontology data, and the use of annotated ontology change sets for ontology versioning as described. Currently, we have preliminary solutions for these issues implemented in Swoop, but we are investigating alternate approaches that may be more powerful and better integrated with emerging Web standards. For example, one such approach is the use of the XPointer framework (DeRose, Maler, & Daniel, 2002) to enable efficient syntactic filtering of ontological code, in order to reduce ontology modification time and effort. Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
Kalyanpur, Pars a, & Hendler References Arpírez, J., Corcho, O., Fernández-López, M., & Gómez-Pérez, A. (2001). WebODE: A scalable ontological engineering workbench. In Proceedings of the 1 st International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP). Bechhofer, S., Horrocks, I., Goble, C., & Stevens, R. (2001). OilEd: A reason-able ontology editor for the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of KI2001, Joint German/Austrian Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Bechhofer, S., Lord, P., & Volz, R. (2003). Cooking the Semantic Web with the OWL API. In Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Conference. Beckett, D. (2004). Turtle — Terse RDF Triple Language. Retrieved from www. ilrt.bris.ac.uk/discovery/2004/01/turtle/. Borgida, A., & Serafini, L. (2003). Distributed description logics: Assimilating information from peer sources. Journal of Data Semantics. Cuenca-Grau, B., Parsia, B., & Sirin, E. (2004). Working with multiple ontologies on the Semantic Web. To appear in Proceedings of the 3 rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC). Dean, M., & Schreiber, G. (2004). OWL Web Ontology Language Reference (W3C Recommendation). Retrieved from www.w3.org/tr/owl-ref/. DeRose, S., Maler, E., & Daniel Jr., R. (2002). XPointer xpointer() Scheme (W3C Working Draft). Retrieved from www.w3.org/tr/xptr-xpointer/. Farquhar, A., Fickas, R., & Rice, J. (1996). The Ontolingua server: A tool for collaborative ontology construction. In Proceedings of the 10 th Banff Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based System Workshop (KAW95). Kahan, J., Koivunen, M. R., Prud’Hommeaux, E., & Swick, R. (2001). Annotea: An open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations. In Proceedings of the WWW10 International Conference. Klein, M., & Noy, N. (2003). A component-based framework for ontology evolution. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontologies and Distributed Systems at IJCAI. Kutz, O., Lutz, C., Wolter, F., & Zakharyaschev, M. (2003). E-connections of description logics. In Proceedings of the 2003 International Workshop on Description Logics. Noy, N. (2004). Representing classes as property values on the Semantic Web (W3C Working Draft). Retrieved from www.w3.org/tr/2004/wd-swbp-classes-asvalues-20040721/ Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
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About.the.Authors About the Authors
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consumer-centric business model 30
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