Measuring physical fitness in Persons with Severe/Profound ...

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Table 2. Descriptive results peak heart rate and levelsHR peakHR peakHR peakHR peakHR peakLevelLevelGXT1GXT2GXTSMBTcalculatedGXT1GXT2(n=26)(n=26)(n=20)(n=20)(n=26)(n=26)(n=26)Mean(beats/min)(SD)154(16)155(17)156(19)157(16)171(7)13.54(3.9)13.77(3.7)Range(beats/min)118-181 117-186 118-181 118-178 159-184 6-22 4-22HR: heart rate (beats/min); GXT1: 1 st GXT; GXT2: 2 nd GXT; GXT: test corresponding to the SMBT; SMBT:supra-maximal block test; SD: standard deviation (beats/min)Test-retest reliabilityTable 2 represents the descriptive statistics of the HR peakand the attained levels of GXT1, GXT2and SMBT. The HR peakdata in GXT1 and GXT2 were normally distributed.Pearson’s correlation between the HR peakGXT1 and the difference in HR peakbetween GXT1 andGXT2 was low (r =0.11), which is indicative of the homoscedasticity of the results.The ICC (ICC=0.95; 95%CI 0.88-0.98) for the HR peakof the GXT1 and GXT2 was very good(Table 3). The t-test showed no significant difference between the measurements (p=0.5) (Table 3).difference HRpeak GXT1 and HRpeak GXT220100-10-20120 140 160 180mean HRpeak GXT1 and HRpeak GXT2 (beats/min)Figure 1. Bland- Altman plot of HR peakGXT1 and HR peakGXT2 in beats/min; n=26; LOA -16 to 14 (19.4% of mean);mean difference -1; Standard Deviation of the difference 8 beats/minChapter 5 | 77
The LOA are determined in a Bland-Altman plot (Figure 1). The LOA for HR peakof GXT1 andGXT2 range from -16 to14, which is 19% of the mean HR peak(mean HR peak= 155). This means thatthe individual variability represented in the region between the dotted lines has a width of 19% ofthe mean (Figure 1).The achieved levels of GXT1 and GXT2 were normally distributed. The ICC between theattained levels was very good (ICC=0.95; 95%CI 0.90-0.98). The t-test showed no significantdifference between the attained levels of GXT1 and GXT2 (p=0.56) (Table 3).difference reaches levels GXT1 and GXT22,000,00-2,00-4,005,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00mean reached levels GXT1 and GXT2Figure 2. Bland and Altman plot of reached levels GXT1 and GXT2; n=26; LOA -3.4 to 2.9; (43.4% of mean); meandifference -0.19The LOA for the attained levels of GXT1 and GXT2 range from -3.4 to 2.9 (Figure 2).The mean level reached in both tests was 13.6.The SDD was 2 levels indicating that persons had to increase or decrease their treadmillperformance with 2 levels to have a relevant change in endurance time.Table 3 presents the SEM, SDD and ES. The mean difference in HR peakbetween GXT1 and GXT2 was1 beat /minute. The mean difference in HR peakbetween the SMBT and the corresponding GXT wasalso 1 beat /minute. These are both smaller than the SEM (5 beats/minute in both tests) (Table 3).The SDD for HR peakwas 6 beats/minute. Thus one can only speak of a significant difference whenconfronted with a difference larger than 6 beats/minute. The Effect Size (ES) for both HR peakandthe attained level ranges from small to moderate (0.12) between GXT1 and GXT2 [32].78 | Chapter 5
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Measuring physical fitnessin person
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Rijksuniversiteit GroningenMeasurin
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Chapter 1IntroductionChapter 1 | 9
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overweight [15]. This prevalence is
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Theoretical framework of the studyI
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Components of physical fitnessThe a
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Therefore, a study is put forward w
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2002;40:436-444.19 Temple VA, Frey
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Chapter 2Feasibility and reliabilit
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IntroductionPhysical fitness and he
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GMFCS was presented to the investig
Page 28 and 29: Body weightTo determine the body we
Page 30 and 31: Table 1 Results of Wilcoxon rank te
Page 32 and 33: Calculation of heightThe mean (SD)
Page 34 and 35: DiscussionThe results of our study
Page 36 and 37: References1 Bouchard C, Shepard RJ,
Page 38 and 39: 37 Rimmer J, Kelly LE, Rosentswieg
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 3Measuring waist circumfere
Page 42 and 43: IntroductionChildren and adults wit
Page 44 and 45: participants. These calculations as
Page 46 and 47: Data analysisThe data were analyzed
Page 48: Table 2. Simple regression analysis
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 4Feasibility and reliabilit
Page 56 and 57: IntroductionPeople with intellectua
Page 58 and 59: Eighty representatives gave permiss
Page 60 and 61: 3) The measurement procedure: The m
Page 62 and 63: and whether motivation influenced t
Page 64 and 65: Table 3. Mean peak heart rate achie
Page 66 and 67: AcknowledgementsThis research was f
Page 68 and 69: 21 Hopkins WG, Gaeta H, Thomas AC,
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 5Psychometric quality of a
Page 72 and 73: IntroductionIntellectual disability
Page 74 and 75: Exclusion criteria were mental or p
Page 76 and 77: participant had fulfilled the task.
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Test-retest reliability of
Page 82 and 83: Table 4. Correlation scored motivat
Page 84 and 85: preceding GXT results on HR peak. G
Page 86 and 87: References1 Schalock R, Brown I, Br
Page 88 and 89: 37 Stanish HI, Temple VA, Frey GC.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6Feasibility and reliabilit
Page 92 and 93: IntroductionLocomotor skills in peo
Page 94 and 95: this study was to evaluate the feas
Page 96 and 97: obtained from the legal representat
Page 98 and 99: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresI
Page 100 and 101: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresT
Page 102 and 103: References1 Van Erkelens-Zwets JHJ
Page 104 and 105: 39 Dorai-Raj S. Binomial Confidence
Page 106 and 107: Chapter 7Feasibility, test-retest r
Page 108 and 109: IntroductionPersons with profound i
Page 110 and 111: DesignThe muscle tone and spasticit
Page 112 and 113: Interrater reliabilityFirstly, to d
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Summary of the statistical
Page 116 and 117: Table 6. Summary of the statistical
Page 118 and 119: RecommendationsThe feasibility of c
Page 120 and 121: 18 Gielen EJJM. Is spasticiteit te
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8Heart Rate Pattern as an I
Page 124 and 125: IntroductionIt is important to gain
Page 126 and 127: 48 persons18 persons lacked permiss
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Furthermore, the mean and the range
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Table 3. Day-to-day outline of the
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Relation between heart rate pattern
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patterns in this study we can concl
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References1 Emerson E. Underweight,
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38 Multilevel Models Project (2004)
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Chapter 9General DiscussionChapter
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on this. To sum up, testing in pers
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for future research it is recommend
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studies. Randomized Controlled Tria
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of these individuals require more?
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19 Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A.
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SummarySummary | 151
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problems in both locomotor skills a
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subjects are to be applied to perso
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may be an indicator of activity lev
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SamenvattingSamenvatting | 159
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InleidingVoldoende bewegen en fithe
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verstandelijk niveau en bepaalde mo
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Hieruit bleek, dat de motivatie van
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Verder is duidelijk geworden dat me
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DankwoordDankwoord | 169
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De leden van de leescommissie, prof
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Judith van der Boom, dank je wel vo
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Dankwoord | 175
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Curriculum vitaeCurriculum vitae |
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Curriculum vitae | 179
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