Measuring physical fitness in Persons with Severe/Profound ...

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Data analysisThe data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0. First, to determine whether significant differencesbetween test and retest measurements exist, we analyzed the differences using the Wilcoxonsigned rank test. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Limits of agreement (LOA)between two measurements of the same variables were calculated according to the proceduredescribed by Bland and Altman [24]. The LOA is considered to be an indicator of reliability. LOAsare expressed in units and as a percentage of the mean of the first measurement. Measurementswere considered reliable when the LOA was less than 10% of the mean of the first measurement.Afterward, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; two-way random, absolute agreement)of test and retest measurements of the same variables were computed. Measurements wereconsidered reliable when the ICC values were greater than 0.80 and the 95% confidence interval(CI) was 0.30 or less. Finally, the test-retest was considered reliable if (1) there were no significantdifferences between test and retest measurements; (2) LOA was acceptable, as described above;and (3) ICC was acceptable, as described above.ResultsValidity studyThe characteristics of the subjects that participated in the validity study are shown in Table 1.Table 1. Validity study: subject characteristicsGenderBMI category
supine waist circumference was higher than standing waist circumference. In zero subjects, therewas no difference. The LOA was 5.34 cm (Figure 2.).difference standing - supine measured waistcircumference15,0010,000,005,00-5,0060,00 80,00 100,00 120,00mean standing - supine measured waist circumferenceFigure 2. Bland and Altman plot of the differences between standing and supine waist circumferencemeasurements. The mean difference is 1.48±5.34 (LOA) (-3.86; 6.82).Predicting standing waist circumferenceA simple linear regression analysis was performed on standing waist circumference, supine waistcircumference, age, BMI, gender, and past pregnancy (Table 2). The normal P-P plots and theplots of the homogeneity of variance residuals showed that there was a normal distribution andhomogeneity of variance of the residuals.46 | Chapter 3
Page 2 and 3: Measuring physical fitnessin person
Page 4: Rijksuniversiteit GroningenMeasurin
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 1IntroductionChapter 1 | 9
Page 12 and 13: overweight [15]. This prevalence is
Page 14 and 15: Theoretical framework of the studyI
Page 16 and 17: Components of physical fitnessThe a
Page 18 and 19: Therefore, a study is put forward w
Page 20 and 21: 2002;40:436-444.19 Temple VA, Frey
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2Feasibility and reliabilit
Page 24 and 25: IntroductionPhysical fitness and he
Page 26 and 27: GMFCS was presented to the investig
Page 28 and 29: Body weightTo determine the body we
Page 30 and 31: Table 1 Results of Wilcoxon rank te
Page 32 and 33: Calculation of heightThe mean (SD)
Page 34 and 35: DiscussionThe results of our study
Page 36 and 37: References1 Bouchard C, Shepard RJ,
Page 38 and 39: 37 Rimmer J, Kelly LE, Rosentswieg
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 3Measuring waist circumfere
Page 42 and 43: IntroductionChildren and adults wit
Page 44 and 45: participants. These calculations as
Page 48: Table 2. Simple regression analysis
Page 56 and 57: IntroductionPeople with intellectua
Page 58 and 59: Eighty representatives gave permiss
Page 60 and 61: 3) The measurement procedure: The m
Page 62 and 63: and whether motivation influenced t
Page 64 and 65: Table 3. Mean peak heart rate achie
Page 66 and 67: AcknowledgementsThis research was f
Page 68 and 69: 21 Hopkins WG, Gaeta H, Thomas AC,
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 5Psychometric quality of a
Page 72 and 73: IntroductionIntellectual disability
Page 74 and 75: Exclusion criteria were mental or p
Page 76 and 77: participant had fulfilled the task.
Page 78 and 79: Table 2. Descriptive results peak h
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Test-retest reliability of
Page 82 and 83: Table 4. Correlation scored motivat
Page 84 and 85: preceding GXT results on HR peak. G
Page 86 and 87: References1 Schalock R, Brown I, Br
Page 88 and 89: 37 Stanish HI, Temple VA, Frey GC.
Page 92 and 93: IntroductionLocomotor skills in peo
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obtained from the legal representat
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Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresI
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Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresT
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References1 Van Erkelens-Zwets JHJ
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39 Dorai-Raj S. Binomial Confidence
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Chapter 7Feasibility, test-retest r
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IntroductionPersons with profound i
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DesignThe muscle tone and spasticit
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Interrater reliabilityFirstly, to d
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Table 3. Summary of the statistical
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Table 6. Summary of the statistical
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RecommendationsThe feasibility of c
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18 Gielen EJJM. Is spasticiteit te
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Chapter 8Heart Rate Pattern as an I
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IntroductionIt is important to gain
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48 persons18 persons lacked permiss
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Furthermore, the mean and the range
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Table 3. Day-to-day outline of the
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Relation between heart rate pattern
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patterns in this study we can concl
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References1 Emerson E. Underweight,
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38 Multilevel Models Project (2004)
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Chapter 9General DiscussionChapter
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on this. To sum up, testing in pers
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for future research it is recommend
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studies. Randomized Controlled Tria
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of these individuals require more?
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19 Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A.
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SummarySummary | 151
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problems in both locomotor skills a
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subjects are to be applied to perso
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may be an indicator of activity lev
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SamenvattingSamenvatting | 159
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InleidingVoldoende bewegen en fithe
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verstandelijk niveau en bepaalde mo
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Hieruit bleek, dat de motivatie van
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Verder is duidelijk geworden dat me
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DankwoordDankwoord | 169
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De leden van de leescommissie, prof
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Judith van der Boom, dank je wel vo
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Dankwoord | 175
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Curriculum vitaeCurriculum vitae |
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Curriculum vitae | 179
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