Measuring physical fitness in Persons with Severe/Profound ...

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may be an indicator of activity levels, however, both the method of dating heart rate patterns asthe correlation between heart rate and activity level for this specific group had so far not beensubject to research.Chapter 8 describes heart rate monitoring and heart rate patterns of persons PIMD.Furthermore, this chapter examines the relative activity of persons with profound intellectual andmultiple disabilities when compared to the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines ofhealthy physical activity. It also looks at the correlation between heart rate patterns and level ofactivity of this specific target group. Finally, the influence of covariates such as gender, age, andcommon co-morbidity on heart rate height are examined and participants are classified accordingto heart rate height during physical activity.Using a heart rate monitor, heart rate patterns were measured 8 hours during 6 days.Heart rate intensity was calculated using heart rate reserves. Physical activity levels were alsomeasured with questionnaires filled out by the caregivers of the participants.Our study shows that persons with PIMD are not sufficiently physically active based onthe guidelines of American College of Sports Medicine. Time of day and age have considerableinfluence on heart rate patterns. We observed four classes in heart rate patterns of persons withPIMD.DiscussionChapter 9 summarizes the main findings of this research and puts them in perspective. The mostimportant results are mentioned and discussed against the background of other research.The main products of this thesis are feasible, valid and reliable tests of physical fitness forpersons with SPIMD, which can directly be implemented into daily practice. The main conclusionis that persons with SPIMD are able to learn and become accustomed to test and measurementsituations if an optimal test environment is created. Various tested ways to enhance testenvironment are described, and suggestions for further possible enhancement of test conditionsare put forward. Furthermore, this thesis has brought forth a couple of important findingsregarding formulas or equations applicable to research on this specific target group.The benefit of combining both severity of ID and GMFCS level to classify the abilities ofpersons with severe or profound ID is once more underscored. Moreover, the steps necessaryto explore the concept of participation for persons with SPIMD as well as the relation betweenparticipation and physical fitness, activity and health are described.Finally, methodological issues are discussed, followed by the implications for clinical practiceand recommendations for further research. The main recommendation of this research is todevelop, perform and evaluate tailored interventions with the aim of promoting components ofphysical fitness and participation for individuals with SPIMD.Summary | 157
158 | Summary
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Measuring physical fitnessin person
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Rijksuniversiteit GroningenMeasurin
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Chapter 1IntroductionChapter 1 | 9
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overweight [15]. This prevalence is
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Theoretical framework of the studyI
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Components of physical fitnessThe a
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Therefore, a study is put forward w
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2002;40:436-444.19 Temple VA, Frey
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Chapter 2Feasibility and reliabilit
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IntroductionPhysical fitness and he
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GMFCS was presented to the investig
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Body weightTo determine the body we
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Table 1 Results of Wilcoxon rank te
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Calculation of heightThe mean (SD)
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DiscussionThe results of our study
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References1 Bouchard C, Shepard RJ,
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37 Rimmer J, Kelly LE, Rosentswieg
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Chapter 3Measuring waist circumfere
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IntroductionChildren and adults wit
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participants. These calculations as
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Data analysisThe data were analyzed
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Table 2. Simple regression analysis
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IntroductionPeople with intellectua
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Eighty representatives gave permiss
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3) The measurement procedure: The m
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and whether motivation influenced t
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Table 3. Mean peak heart rate achie
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AcknowledgementsThis research was f
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21 Hopkins WG, Gaeta H, Thomas AC,
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Chapter 5Psychometric quality of a
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IntroductionIntellectual disability
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Exclusion criteria were mental or p
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participant had fulfilled the task.
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Table 2. Descriptive results peak h
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Table 3. Test-retest reliability of
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Table 4. Correlation scored motivat
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preceding GXT results on HR peak. G
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References1 Schalock R, Brown I, Br
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37 Stanish HI, Temple VA, Frey GC.
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IntroductionLocomotor skills in peo
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this study was to evaluate the feas
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obtained from the legal representat
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Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresI
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Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresT
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References1 Van Erkelens-Zwets JHJ
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39 Dorai-Raj S. Binomial Confidence
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Chapter 7Feasibility, test-retest r
Page 108 and 109: IntroductionPersons with profound i
Page 110 and 111: DesignThe muscle tone and spasticit
Page 112 and 113: Interrater reliabilityFirstly, to d
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Summary of the statistical
Page 116 and 117: Table 6. Summary of the statistical
Page 118 and 119: RecommendationsThe feasibility of c
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Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8Heart Rate Pattern as an I
Page 124 and 125: IntroductionIt is important to gain
Page 126 and 127: 48 persons18 persons lacked permiss
Page 128 and 129: Furthermore, the mean and the range
Page 130 and 131: Table 3. Day-to-day outline of the
Page 132 and 133: Relation between heart rate pattern
Page 134 and 135: patterns in this study we can concl
Page 136 and 137: References1 Emerson E. Underweight,
Page 138 and 139: 38 Multilevel Models Project (2004)
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 9General DiscussionChapter
Page 142 and 143: on this. To sum up, testing in pers
Page 144 and 145: for future research it is recommend
Page 146 and 147: studies. Randomized Controlled Tria
Page 148 and 149: of these individuals require more?
Page 150 and 151: 19 Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A.
Page 152 and 153: SummarySummary | 151
Page 154 and 155: problems in both locomotor skills a
Page 156 and 157: subjects are to be applied to perso
Page 160 and 161: SamenvattingSamenvatting | 159
Page 162 and 163: InleidingVoldoende bewegen en fithe
Page 164 and 165: verstandelijk niveau en bepaalde mo
Page 166 and 167: Hieruit bleek, dat de motivatie van
Page 168 and 169: Verder is duidelijk geworden dat me
Page 170 and 171: DankwoordDankwoord | 169
Page 172 and 173: De leden van de leescommissie, prof
Page 174 and 175: Judith van der Boom, dank je wel vo
Page 176 and 177: Dankwoord | 175
Page 178 and 179: Curriculum vitaeCurriculum vitae |
Page 180: Curriculum vitae | 179
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