Measuring physical fitness in Persons with Severe/Profound ...

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Table 3. Day-to-day outline of the mean prevalence of heart rate zones in persons with PIMDPercentage of time in zonePercentages ofHeart rate reserveDay 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 61-10% 9% 7% 6% 10% 1% 6%11-20% 28% 26% 26% 23% 29% 23%21-30% 26% 26% 24% 18% 32% 30%31-40% 25% 29% 23% 28% 27% 28%41-50% 11% 10% 15% 18% 10% 11%51-60% 1% 2% 4% 3% 1% 2%61-70% 2%71-80%81-90%91-100%Total time 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%The mean heart rate zone over the six test days is shown under the heading ‘intercept’ model 0 intable 4, and is 3.196, indicating 32 % of the heart rate reserve. The results range from 1 to 62 % ofthe heart rate reserve (see table 3).The model in table 4 shows the variance between participants (0.911), between days (0.161)and within one day (0.429). As the total variance is the sum of these variances (1.501), the VPCbetween the participants is 60.7%, between days 10.7%, and between different times of the day28.6%. These VPC’s indicate that the variation between the test days is relatively low, suggestingthat future research can do with one test day instead of six. The generalizability coefficient for therelative differences, calculated with the variance proportion components, is 0.85, indicating thatheart rate monitoring is a reliable measurement.Chapter 8 | 129
Table 4. Variability of heart rate and linear mixed models.FixedModel(person level) B-value SEIntercept 4.217 0.655Time of day -0.007 0.001ActivityTargeted activity vs no targeted (ref)0.021 0.021Age -0.023 0.012GenderMale vs female (ref)Orthopaedic defectsNo orth defects vs orth defects (ref)SpasticityBilateral vs unilateral parese (ref)Visual impairSevere partially vs partially impaired vision (ref)-0.041 0.409-0.257 0.5770.499 0.8670.185 0.39Auditive impairmentSevere hearing loss vs slight hearing loss vs normal hearing-0.606-0.7350.5930.462RandomParticipant 0.911Days 0.161Time of day 0.429Total var 1.5012Loglikelihood 10302B-value, the regression-coefficient; SE, standard error; vs, versus; ref, reference value.With the variable age, time of the day and the observations measured at six different days,we found a four class solution that gives a clear clinical interpretation [36, 37]. The four classclasses were: high heart rate zone (class 1), middle stable heart rate zone (class 2), low heart ratezone (class 3) and variation in the middle heart rate zone (class 4).130 | Chapter 8
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Measuring physical fitnessin person
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Rijksuniversiteit GroningenMeasurin
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Chapter 1IntroductionChapter 1 | 9
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overweight [15]. This prevalence is
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Theoretical framework of the studyI
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Components of physical fitnessThe a
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Therefore, a study is put forward w
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2002;40:436-444.19 Temple VA, Frey
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Chapter 2Feasibility and reliabilit
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IntroductionPhysical fitness and he
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GMFCS was presented to the investig
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Body weightTo determine the body we
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Table 1 Results of Wilcoxon rank te
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Calculation of heightThe mean (SD)
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DiscussionThe results of our study
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References1 Bouchard C, Shepard RJ,
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37 Rimmer J, Kelly LE, Rosentswieg
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Chapter 3Measuring waist circumfere
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IntroductionChildren and adults wit
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participants. These calculations as
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Data analysisThe data were analyzed
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Table 2. Simple regression analysis
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Chapter 4Feasibility and reliabilit
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IntroductionPeople with intellectua
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Eighty representatives gave permiss
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3) The measurement procedure: The m
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and whether motivation influenced t
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Table 3. Mean peak heart rate achie
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AcknowledgementsThis research was f
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21 Hopkins WG, Gaeta H, Thomas AC,
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Chapter 5Psychometric quality of a
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IntroductionIntellectual disability
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Exclusion criteria were mental or p
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participant had fulfilled the task.
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Table 2. Descriptive results peak h
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Test-retest reliability of
Page 82 and 83: Table 4. Correlation scored motivat
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Page 86 and 87: References1 Schalock R, Brown I, Br
Page 88 and 89: 37 Stanish HI, Temple VA, Frey GC.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6Feasibility and reliabilit
Page 92 and 93: IntroductionLocomotor skills in peo
Page 94 and 95: this study was to evaluate the feas
Page 96 and 97: obtained from the legal representat
Page 98 and 99: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresI
Page 100 and 101: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresT
Page 102 and 103: References1 Van Erkelens-Zwets JHJ
Page 104 and 105: 39 Dorai-Raj S. Binomial Confidence
Page 106 and 107: Chapter 7Feasibility, test-retest r
Page 108 and 109: IntroductionPersons with profound i
Page 110 and 111: DesignThe muscle tone and spasticit
Page 112 and 113: Interrater reliabilityFirstly, to d
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Summary of the statistical
Page 116 and 117: Table 6. Summary of the statistical
Page 118 and 119: RecommendationsThe feasibility of c
Page 120 and 121: 18 Gielen EJJM. Is spasticiteit te
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8Heart Rate Pattern as an I
Page 124 and 125: IntroductionIt is important to gain
Page 126 and 127: 48 persons18 persons lacked permiss
Page 128 and 129: Furthermore, the mean and the range
Page 132 and 133: Relation between heart rate pattern
Page 134 and 135: patterns in this study we can concl
Page 136 and 137: References1 Emerson E. Underweight,
Page 138 and 139: 38 Multilevel Models Project (2004)
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 9General DiscussionChapter
Page 142 and 143: on this. To sum up, testing in pers
Page 144 and 145: for future research it is recommend
Page 146 and 147: studies. Randomized Controlled Tria
Page 148 and 149: of these individuals require more?
Page 150 and 151: 19 Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A.
Page 152 and 153: SummarySummary | 151
Page 154 and 155: problems in both locomotor skills a
Page 156 and 157: subjects are to be applied to perso
Page 158 and 159: may be an indicator of activity lev
Page 160 and 161: SamenvattingSamenvatting | 159
Page 162 and 163: InleidingVoldoende bewegen en fithe
Page 164 and 165: verstandelijk niveau en bepaalde mo
Page 166 and 167: Hieruit bleek, dat de motivatie van
Page 168 and 169: Verder is duidelijk geworden dat me
Page 170 and 171: DankwoordDankwoord | 169
Page 172 and 173: De leden van de leescommissie, prof
Page 174 and 175: Judith van der Boom, dank je wel vo
Page 176 and 177: Dankwoord | 175
Page 178 and 179: Curriculum vitaeCurriculum vitae |
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Curriculum vitae | 179
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