Measuring physical fitness in Persons with Severe/Profound ...

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Furthermore, the mean and the ranges of heart rate zones of the participants are calculated.To gain insight into the heart rate patterns of persons with PIMD, three decomposing variancecomponents are involved, using linear mixed model: 1) between persons, 2) within personsbetween days, and 3) within days. The mean heart rate and variance proportion component (VPC)were calculated between persons, within persons and between days. The VPC as an indicator ofvariance in heart rate zone, is calculated by dividing variance by the total variance. Using thevariance proportion component the generalizability coefficient for the relative differences [35]was calculated. A generalizability coefficient of 0.80 or more indicates a sufficient reliability.Furthermore, in order to identify distinct groups of heart rate patterns and to examine theseclasses in heart rate, we used a latent class analysis [36, 37]. As the dependent variable was acount variable, a Poisson distribution was used for this analysis.Relations between heart rate patterns and level of activityTo determine how heart rate relates to the level of physical activity, we estimated equations ofphysical activity as a dependent variable of heart rate. Furthermore, we examined the influence of‘time of the day’ on this relation.Influence of covariatesThe influence of the covariates gender, age, time of day, daily activities, motor disabilities,spasticity, and sensory disabilities were evaluated in the mixed model.ResultsThe data were analysed using SPSS 16.0 and multilevel analysis with the computerprogram Mlwin[38].In total, 24 persons with PIMD participated in this study. Six women participated with a meanage (SD) of 30 years (17), the mean age (SD) of the men was 36 years (15). Table 2 shows thecharacteristics of the participants.Chapter 8 | 127
Table 2. Characteristics of the participantsGenderMenWomenSevere 9 3IntellectualdisabilityProfound 9 3Total 18 6Blind/Severe 13 3Visual impairmentsPartially 5 3Total 18 6Yes 16 6OrthopedicdefectsNo 2 0Total 18 6Yes 16 6SpasticityNo 2 0Total 18 6IV 5 1GMFCSlevelV 13 5Total 18 6Patterns and classes in heart rateTable 3 shows a day to day outline of the mean prevalence of heart rate zones in persons withPIMD, indicating that the participants reach no heart rates more than 55% of their heart ratereserves for a consecutive 30 minutes.128 | Chapter 8
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Measuring physical fitnessin person
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Rijksuniversiteit GroningenMeasurin
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Chapter 1IntroductionChapter 1 | 9
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overweight [15]. This prevalence is
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Theoretical framework of the studyI
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Components of physical fitnessThe a
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Therefore, a study is put forward w
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2002;40:436-444.19 Temple VA, Frey
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Chapter 2Feasibility and reliabilit
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IntroductionPhysical fitness and he
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GMFCS was presented to the investig
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Body weightTo determine the body we
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Table 1 Results of Wilcoxon rank te
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Calculation of heightThe mean (SD)
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DiscussionThe results of our study
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References1 Bouchard C, Shepard RJ,
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37 Rimmer J, Kelly LE, Rosentswieg
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Chapter 3Measuring waist circumfere
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IntroductionChildren and adults wit
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participants. These calculations as
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Data analysisThe data were analyzed
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Table 2. Simple regression analysis
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Chapter 4Feasibility and reliabilit
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IntroductionPeople with intellectua
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Eighty representatives gave permiss
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3) The measurement procedure: The m
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and whether motivation influenced t
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Table 3. Mean peak heart rate achie
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AcknowledgementsThis research was f
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21 Hopkins WG, Gaeta H, Thomas AC,
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Chapter 5Psychometric quality of a
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IntroductionIntellectual disability
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Exclusion criteria were mental or p
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participant had fulfilled the task.
Page 78 and 79: Table 2. Descriptive results peak h
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Test-retest reliability of
Page 82 and 83: Table 4. Correlation scored motivat
Page 84 and 85: preceding GXT results on HR peak. G
Page 86 and 87: References1 Schalock R, Brown I, Br
Page 88 and 89: 37 Stanish HI, Temple VA, Frey GC.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6Feasibility and reliabilit
Page 92 and 93: IntroductionLocomotor skills in peo
Page 94 and 95: this study was to evaluate the feas
Page 96 and 97: obtained from the legal representat
Page 98 and 99: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresI
Page 100 and 101: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresT
Page 102 and 103: References1 Van Erkelens-Zwets JHJ
Page 104 and 105: 39 Dorai-Raj S. Binomial Confidence
Page 106 and 107: Chapter 7Feasibility, test-retest r
Page 108 and 109: IntroductionPersons with profound i
Page 110 and 111: DesignThe muscle tone and spasticit
Page 112 and 113: Interrater reliabilityFirstly, to d
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Summary of the statistical
Page 116 and 117: Table 6. Summary of the statistical
Page 118 and 119: RecommendationsThe feasibility of c
Page 120 and 121: 18 Gielen EJJM. Is spasticiteit te
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8Heart Rate Pattern as an I
Page 124 and 125: IntroductionIt is important to gain
Page 126 and 127: 48 persons18 persons lacked permiss
Page 130 and 131: Table 3. Day-to-day outline of the
Page 132 and 133: Relation between heart rate pattern
Page 134 and 135: patterns in this study we can concl
Page 136 and 137: References1 Emerson E. Underweight,
Page 138 and 139: 38 Multilevel Models Project (2004)
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 9General DiscussionChapter
Page 142 and 143: on this. To sum up, testing in pers
Page 144 and 145: for future research it is recommend
Page 146 and 147: studies. Randomized Controlled Tria
Page 148 and 149: of these individuals require more?
Page 150 and 151: 19 Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A.
Page 152 and 153: SummarySummary | 151
Page 154 and 155: problems in both locomotor skills a
Page 156 and 157: subjects are to be applied to perso
Page 158 and 159: may be an indicator of activity lev
Page 160 and 161: SamenvattingSamenvatting | 159
Page 162 and 163: InleidingVoldoende bewegen en fithe
Page 164 and 165: verstandelijk niveau en bepaalde mo
Page 166 and 167: Hieruit bleek, dat de motivatie van
Page 168 and 169: Verder is duidelijk geworden dat me
Page 170 and 171: DankwoordDankwoord | 169
Page 172 and 173: De leden van de leescommissie, prof
Page 174 and 175: Judith van der Boom, dank je wel vo
Page 176 and 177: Dankwoord | 175
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Curriculum vitaeCurriculum vitae |
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Curriculum vitae | 179
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