Measuring physical fitness in Persons with Severe/Profound ...

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Chapter 7Feasibility, test-retest reliability and interraterreliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale andModified Tardieu Scale in persons with profoundintellectual and multiple disabilities.A. WaningeR.A. RookA. DijkhuizenE. GielenC.P. van der SchansResearch in Developmental Disabilities 2011;32(2):613-620Reproduced by courtesy of ElsevierChapter 7 | 105
AbstractCaregivers of persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) often describethe quality of the daily movements of these persons in terms of flexibility or stiffness. Objectiveoutcome measures for flexibility and stiffness are muscle tone or level of spasticity. Twoinstruments used to grade muscle tone and spasticity are the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) andthe Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS). To date, however, no research has been performed to determinethe psychometric properties of the MAS and MTS in persons with PIMD. Therefore, the purposeof this study was to determine the feasibility, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability of theMAS and MTS in persons with PIMD. We assessed 35 participants on the MAS and MTS twice, firstfor the test and second a week later for the retest. Two observers performed the measurements.Feasibility was assessed based on the percentage of successful measurements. Test-retest andinterrater reliability were determined by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, intraclass correlationcoefficients (ICC), Spearman’s correlation, and either limits of agreement (LOA) or quadraticallyweighted kappa. The feasibility of the measurements was good, because an acceptable percentageof successful measurements were performed. MAS measurements had substantial to almostperfect quadratically weighted kappa (>0.8) and an acceptable ICC (>0.8) for both test-retest andinterrater reliability. However, MTS measurements had insufficient ICCs, Spearman’s correlations,and LOAs for both test-retest and interrater reliability. Our data indicated that the feasibilityof the MAS and MTS for measuring muscle tone in persons with PIMD was good. The MAS hadsufficient test-retest and interrater reliability; however, the MTS had an insufficient test-retest andinterrater reliability in persons with PIMD. Thus, the MAS may be a good method for evaluatingthe quality of daily movements in persons with PIMD. Providing test administrators with trainingand clear instructions will improve test reliability.106 | Chapter 7
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Measuring physical fitnessin person
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Rijksuniversiteit GroningenMeasurin
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Chapter 1IntroductionChapter 1 | 9
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overweight [15]. This prevalence is
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Theoretical framework of the studyI
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Components of physical fitnessThe a
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Therefore, a study is put forward w
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2002;40:436-444.19 Temple VA, Frey
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Chapter 2Feasibility and reliabilit
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IntroductionPhysical fitness and he
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GMFCS was presented to the investig
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Body weightTo determine the body we
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Table 1 Results of Wilcoxon rank te
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Calculation of heightThe mean (SD)
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DiscussionThe results of our study
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References1 Bouchard C, Shepard RJ,
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37 Rimmer J, Kelly LE, Rosentswieg
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Chapter 3Measuring waist circumfere
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IntroductionChildren and adults wit
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participants. These calculations as
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Data analysisThe data were analyzed
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Table 2. Simple regression analysis
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Chapter 4Feasibility and reliabilit
Page 56 and 57: IntroductionPeople with intellectua
Page 58 and 59: Eighty representatives gave permiss
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Page 62 and 63: and whether motivation influenced t
Page 64 and 65: Table 3. Mean peak heart rate achie
Page 66 and 67: AcknowledgementsThis research was f
Page 68 and 69: 21 Hopkins WG, Gaeta H, Thomas AC,
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 5Psychometric quality of a
Page 72 and 73: IntroductionIntellectual disability
Page 74 and 75: Exclusion criteria were mental or p
Page 76 and 77: participant had fulfilled the task.
Page 78 and 79: Table 2. Descriptive results peak h
Page 80 and 81: Table 3. Test-retest reliability of
Page 82 and 83: Table 4. Correlation scored motivat
Page 84 and 85: preceding GXT results on HR peak. G
Page 86 and 87: References1 Schalock R, Brown I, Br
Page 88 and 89: 37 Stanish HI, Temple VA, Frey GC.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6Feasibility and reliabilit
Page 92 and 93: IntroductionLocomotor skills in peo
Page 94 and 95: this study was to evaluate the feas
Page 96 and 97: obtained from the legal representat
Page 98 and 99: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresI
Page 100 and 101: Modified Berg Balance Scale scoresT
Page 102 and 103: References1 Van Erkelens-Zwets JHJ
Page 104 and 105: 39 Dorai-Raj S. Binomial Confidence
Page 108 and 109: IntroductionPersons with profound i
Page 110 and 111: DesignThe muscle tone and spasticit
Page 112 and 113: Interrater reliabilityFirstly, to d
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Summary of the statistical
Page 116 and 117: Table 6. Summary of the statistical
Page 118 and 119: RecommendationsThe feasibility of c
Page 120 and 121: 18 Gielen EJJM. Is spasticiteit te
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8Heart Rate Pattern as an I
Page 124 and 125: IntroductionIt is important to gain
Page 126 and 127: 48 persons18 persons lacked permiss
Page 128 and 129: Furthermore, the mean and the range
Page 130 and 131: Table 3. Day-to-day outline of the
Page 132 and 133: Relation between heart rate pattern
Page 134 and 135: patterns in this study we can concl
Page 136 and 137: References1 Emerson E. Underweight,
Page 138 and 139: 38 Multilevel Models Project (2004)
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 9General DiscussionChapter
Page 142 and 143: on this. To sum up, testing in pers
Page 144 and 145: for future research it is recommend
Page 146 and 147: studies. Randomized Controlled Tria
Page 148 and 149: of these individuals require more?
Page 150 and 151: 19 Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A.
Page 152 and 153: SummarySummary | 151
Page 154 and 155: problems in both locomotor skills a
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subjects are to be applied to perso
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may be an indicator of activity lev
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SamenvattingSamenvatting | 159
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InleidingVoldoende bewegen en fithe
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verstandelijk niveau en bepaalde mo
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Hieruit bleek, dat de motivatie van
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Verder is duidelijk geworden dat me
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DankwoordDankwoord | 169
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De leden van de leescommissie, prof
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Judith van der Boom, dank je wel vo
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Dankwoord | 175
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Curriculum vitaeCurriculum vitae |
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Curriculum vitae | 179
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