Safety Considerations Guide, Tricon v9.0 - Tuv-fs.com

Hazard and Risk Analysis 5Hazard and Risk AnalysisIn the United States, OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) and EPA RiskManagement Program (RMP) regulations dictate that a PHA be used to identifypotential hazards in the operation of a chemical process and to determine theprotective measures necessary to protect workers, the community, and theenvironment. The scope of a PHA may range from a very simple screening analysisto a complex hazard and operability study (HAZOP).A HAZOP is a systematic, methodical examination of a process design that uses amulti-disciplinary team to identify hazards or operability problems that could resultin an accident. A HAZOP provides a prioritized basis for the implementation ofrisk mitigation strategies, such as SISs or ESDs.If a PHA determines that the mechanical integrity of a process and the processcontrol are insufficient to mitigate the potential hazard, an SIS is required. An SISconsists of the instrumentation or controls that are installed for the purpose ofmitigating a hazard or bringing a process to a safe state in the event of a processupset.A compliant program incorporates “good engineering practice.” This means thatthe program follows the codes and standards published by such organizations as theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Petroleum Institute,American National Standards Institute, National Fire Protection Association,American Society for Testing and Materials, and National Board of Boiler andPressure Vessel Inspectors. Other countries have similar requirements.Chapter 1Safety Concepts