Safety Considerations Guide, Tricon v9.0 - Tuv-fs.com
Safety Considerations Guide, Tricon v9.0 - Tuv-fs.com Safety Considerations Guide, Tricon v9.0 - Tuv-fs.com
2 Safety OverviewSafety OverviewModern industrial processes tend to be technically complex, involve substantialenergies, and have the potential to inflict serious harm to persons or propertyduring a mishap.The IEC 61508 standard defines safety as “freedom from unacceptable risk.” Inother words, absolute safety can never be achieved; risk can only be reduced to anacceptable level.Safety methods to mitigate harm and reduce risk include:• Changing the process or mechanical design, including plant or equipmentlayout• Increasing the mechanical integrity of equipment• Improving the basic process control system (BPCS)• Developing additional or more detailed training procedures for operationsand maintenance• Increasing the testing frequency of critical components• Using a safety-instrumented system (SIS)• Installing mitigating equipment to reduce harmful consequences; forexample, explosion walls, foams, impoundments, and pressure reliefsystemsMethods that provide layers of protection should be:• Independent• Verifiable• Dependable• Designed for the specific safety riskTricon Safety Considerations Guide
Safety Overview 3Protection LayersThe figure below shows how layers of protection can be used to reduceunacceptable risk to an acceptable level. The amount of risk reduction for eachlayer is dependent on the specific nature of the safety risk and the impact of thelayer on the risk. Economic analysis should be used to determine the appropriatecombination of layers for mitigating safety risks.Acceptable Risk LevelMechanical IntegrityInherent Process RiskSVSISBPCS*Effect of ProtectionLayers on ProcessRisk0Lower RiskProcessHigher Risk* BPCS–Basic process control systemSIS–Safety-instrumented systemSV–Safety (relief) valveWhen an SIS is required, one of the following should be determined:• Level of risk reduction assigned to the SIS• Safety integrity level (SIL) of the SISTypically, a determination is made according to the requirements of the ANSI/ISAS84.01 or IEC 61508 standards during a process hazard analysis (PHA). A processdemand is defined as the occurrence of a process deviation that causes an SIS totransition a process to a safe state.Chapter 1Safety Concepts
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2 <strong>Safety</strong> Overview<strong>Safety</strong> OverviewModern industrial processes tend to be technically <strong>com</strong>plex, involve substantialenergies, and have the potential to inflict serious harm to persons or propertyduring a mishap.The IEC 61508 standard defines safety as “freedom from unacceptable risk.” Inother words, absolute safety can never be achieved; risk can only be reduced to anacceptable level.<strong>Safety</strong> methods to mitigate harm and reduce risk include:• Changing the process or mechanical design, including plant or equipmentlayout• Increasing the mechanical integrity of equipment• Improving the basic process control system (BPCS)• Developing additional or more detailed training procedures for operationsand maintenance• Increasing the testing frequency of critical <strong>com</strong>ponents• Using a safety-instrumented system (SIS)• Installing mitigating equipment to reduce harmful consequences; forexample, explosion walls, foams, impoundments, and pressure relie<strong>fs</strong>ystemsMethods that provide layers of protection should be:• Independent• Verifiable• Dependable• Designed for the specific safety risk<strong>Tricon</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> <strong>Considerations</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>
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